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In situ study of structural integrity of low transformation temperature (LTT)-welds

机译：低转变温度（LTT）焊缝的结构完整性的原位研究

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摘要

We discuss the stability of weld residual strain under static and quasi cyclic transverse tensile loading in the elastic and elastic-plastic region. The test welds were joined with low transformation temperature weld filler materials with 10 wt% Cr and varying Ni-content from 8 to 12 wt%. Using neutron diffraction the residual lattice strain in the martensitic a'- and austenitic γ-phase in the fusion zone as well as the ferritic a-phase in the heat affected zone and base metal as (1) induced by welding, (2) superimposed by stepwise tensile loading and (3) after unloading was measured. The amount of retained austenite in the fusion zone increases with increasing Ni-content, but it decreases with increasing load level due to stress induced martensite formation. In the as-welded condition the transverse macroscopic residual lattice strain was found to be in low compression in the fusion zone in each weld, while the heat affected zone was in tension. Local plastic deformation of the 7-phase as a result of yielding during tensile loading in combination with the change in phase fraction resulted in increased macroscopic compression in the fusion zone. The reduced yield strength in the heat affected zone resulted in plastic deformation and a considerable shift into compression. Comparison with the cross weld distribution of the hardness and FWHM of the neutron diffraction interference lines supported the assumption of plastic deformation of the 7- and a-phase in the fusion and heat affected zone, respectively, while the a'-phase in the fusion zone was stressed within the elastic regime only. Microstructural observations as well as measurement of the local 7-phase fraction by means of laboratory X-ray diffraction in the fusion zone strengthen these observations.
机译：我们讨论了在弹性和弹塑性区域中静态和准周期性横向拉伸载荷下焊缝残余应变的稳定性。将测试焊缝与低转变温度的焊缝填充材料连接起来，焊缝材料的Cr含量为10％（重量），Ni含量在8％至12％（重量）之间变化。使用中子衍射，熔融区中马氏体a'和奥氏体γ相的残余晶格应变以及热影响区和母材中的铁素体a相，如（1）焊接引起的，（2）叠加通过逐步拉伸加载和（3）在卸载后进行测量。镍中奥氏体的保留量随Ni含量的增加而增加，但由于应力引起的马氏体形成，其随负荷水平的增加而减少。在焊接状态下，发现横向宏观残余晶格应变在每个焊缝的熔合区处于低压缩状态，而热影响区处于拉伸状态。由于拉伸加载过程中的屈服以及相分数的变化，导致7相的局部塑性变形，导致熔合区的宏观压缩增加。热影响区屈服强度的降低导致塑性变形和相当大的压缩位移。与中子衍射干涉线的硬度和FWHM的交叉焊缝分布进行比较，支持假设聚变和热影响区分别为7相和a相的塑性变形，而聚变中为a'相区域仅在弹性区域内受压。显微结构观察以及通过融合区中的实验室X射线衍射对局部7相分数的测量加强了这些观察。

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  • 来源
    《Materials Science and Engineering》 |2011年第17期|p.5566-5575|共10页
  • 作者

    J. Altenkirch; J. Gibmeier; A. Kromm; Th. Kannengiesser; Th. Nitschke-Pagel; M. Hofmann;

  • 作者单位

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Materials (IAM), Campus South, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Materials (IAM), Campus South, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87,12205 Berlin, Germany;

    BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87,12205 Berlin, Germany;

    Institute for Joining and Welding, TU Braunschweig, Longer Kamp 8,38106 Braunschweig, Germany;

    FRM11, TV-Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1,85747 Garching, Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    low transformation temperature; residual stress; neutron diffraction;

    机译：转变温度低;残余应力;中子衍射;

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