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Effect of build orientation on microstructure and tensile behaviour of selectively laser melted M300 maraging steel

机译：构建取向对选择性激光熔化M300载钢的微观结构和拉伸行为的影响

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摘要

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology for fabrication of structural components, which refers to the processing through layer by layer addition of material using sliced CAD model of the desired geometry. Maraging steels are especially used in aerospace and tool industries due to their excellent combination of strength and fracture toughness. The present work aims at studying the effect of build orientation on micro-structure and tensile behaviour of maraging steel (M300) processed by one of the AM techniques, namely, Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Initially, AM plates were processed in orientations of 0°, 45° and 90° and were further given solution treatment and aging. Measurement of density, surface roughness, hardness, residual stress and microstructural characterization of all samples were carried out and compared with those of conventionally melted (CM) samples. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of Ni_3Ti needle shaped precipitates and Fe_2Mo globular precipitates after AM processing and also after heat treatment. Tensile testing of samples was conducted at a strain rate of 1 × 10~(-3) s~(-1). Better strength with reasonable ductility was observed in the samples built in 45° orientation compared to those at other build orientations and the properties in CM conditions. Solution treatment followed by aging decreased microstructural anisotropy caused by layer-wise effect due to laser processing. Surprisingly, most of the AM samples after heat treatment showed increase in strength without significant loss of ductility. Larger degree of work hardening and reversion of martensite to austenite might be the reasons for the observed behaviour. Typical ductile fracture featuring dimples due to microvoid coalescence were observed in all samples. Heat treatment not only improved tensile properties but also reduced anisotropy and residual stresses introduced during material processing.
机译：添加剂制造（AM）是一种用于制造结构部件的新出现技术，其通过使用所需几何形状的切片CAD模型通过层加入材料来加工通过层。由于它们具有优异的强度和骨折韧性，尤其用于航空航天和工具行业的载体钢。目前的工作旨在研究建立取向对由AM技术之一加工的马氏体钢（M300）的微结构和拉伸行为的影响，即选择性激光熔化（SLM）。最初，在0°，45°和90°的方向上加工am板，并进一步给予溶液处理和老化。对所有样品的密度，表面粗糙度，硬度，残余应力和微观结构表征进行测量，并与常规熔化（CM）样品的样品进行比较。透射电子显微镜（TEM）证实了Ni_3Ti针形沉淀物的存在和Fe_2MO球状沉淀物在AM加工后以及热处理后也是如此。样品的拉伸试验以1×10〜（-3）S〜（-1）的应变速率进行。与其他构建定向的样品和CM条件下的性质相比，在45°定向的样品中观察到具有合理延展性的更好的强度。溶液处理随后通过激光加工引起的层明显引起的微观结构各向异性降低。令人惊讶的是，热处理后的大多数AM样品显示出强度的增加，而无需显着延展性损失。对奥氏体的马氏体的更大程度的硬化和逆转可能是观察到的行为的原因。在所有样品中观察到由于微脂糖聚结导致的颗粒颗粒骨折。热处理不仅改善了拉伸性能，而且还减少了材料加工期间引入的各向异性和残余应力。

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