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Vascular calcification: Inducers and inhibitors

机译:血管钙化:诱导剂和抑制剂

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Unlike the traditional beliefs, there are mounting evidences suggesting that ectopic mineral depositions, including vascular calcification are mostly active processes, many times resembling that of the bone mineralization. Numbers of agents are involved in the differentiation of certain subpopulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into the osteoblast-like entity, and the activation and initiation of extracellular matrix ossification process. On the other hand, there are factors as well, that prevent such differentiation and ectopic calcium phosphate formation. In normal physiological environments, activities of such procalcific and anticalcific regulatory factors are in harmony, prohibiting abnormal calcification from occurring. However, in certain pathophysiological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes, such balances are altered, resulting in abnormal ectopic mineral deposition. Understanding the factors that regulate the formation and inhibition of ectopic mineral formation would be beneficial in the development of tissue engineering strategies for prevention and/or treatment of such soft-tissue calcification. Current review focuses on the factors that seem to be clinically relevant and/or could be useful in developing future tissue regeneration strategies. Clinical utilities and implications of such factors are also discussed.
机译:与传统观念不同,越来越多的证据表明,异位矿物质沉积(包括血管钙化)大多是活跃的过程,许多时候都类似于骨骼矿化。多种药物参与将平滑肌细胞(SMC)的某些亚群分化为成骨细胞样实体,以及激活和引发细胞外基质骨化过程。另一方面,也有阻止这种分化和异位磷酸钙形成的因素。在正常的生理环境中,此类钙化和抗钙调节因子的活动是协调一致的,从而阻止了异常钙化的发生。但是,在某些病理生理状况下,例如动脉粥样硬化,慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)和糖尿病,这种平衡发生改变,导致异位矿物质沉积异常。了解调节异位矿物质形成和抑制异位矿物质形成的因素将有利于组织工程学策略的发展,以预防和/或治疗这种软组织钙化。当前的综述集中在似乎与临床相关和/或在发展未来组织再生策略中可能有用的因素。还讨论了临床用途和这些因素的含义。

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