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A review on carbon nanotube: An overview of synthesis, properties, functionalization, characterization, and the application

机译：碳纳米管综述：合成，性质，官能化，表征和应用概述

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摘要

A foremost and inimitable invention in the part of nanotechnology is carbon nanotubes (CNT). Crystal structures are nearly analogous to the nuclear atomic arrangement of graphite and diamond. While graphite belongs to sp~2 - bonded carbon whereas diamond is owned by sp~3- hybridized carbon. The evolution of CNTs began in 1991. CNTs contain some important traits such as lightweight, small in size, good strength, and high conductivity. CNT make useful in various materials like polymers, ceramics, and metallic surfaces. From an application perspective of CNTs, it can use in the nanotechnology field, nanomedicine, transistor, vacuum electronic devices, biosensors, membranes, and capacitors. Various types of synthesis techniques for CNTs are the arc-discharge method, laser ablation method; chemical vapor deposition method, vapor-phase growth, flame synthesis method, and plasma-assisted growth of CNTs. CNTs have inimitable kind of properties like mechanical, electrical, and optical. These properties can even be measured on single nanotubes. For commercial application, large quantities of purified nanotubes are needed. This present review covers the types, synthesis, characterization method, properties, applications, and toxic effect. The purification and sorting process of CNTs for applications are also presented in a summarized form.
机译：最前面的和独特的发明在纳米技术的部分是碳纳米管（CNT）。晶体结构几乎类似于石墨和金刚石的核原子排列。虽然石墨属于藻〜2 - ，而金刚石是由SP〜3-杂化碳资键合的碳。碳纳米管的发展开始于1991年碳纳米管包含一些重要的特征，如重量轻，体积小，良好的强度和高导电性。 CNT使在各种材料等的聚合物，陶瓷和金属表面是有用的。从CNT的应用的角度来看，它可以在纳米技术领域中，纳米，晶体管，真空电子器件，生物传感器，膜和电容器使用。各种类型的合成技术对于CNT是电弧放电法，激光烧蚀法;化学气相沉积法，气相生长，火焰合成方法，和CNT的等离子体辅助的生长。 CNT具有独特的种类等的机械，电气和光学性质的。这些特性甚至可以在单纳米管测量。对于商业应用，需要大量纯化的纳米管。此本审查涵盖类型，合成，表征方法，性质，应用和毒性作用。 CNT的用于应用程序的纯化和分选过程也列在一个概括的形式。

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