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Production, surface modification and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds: A sparkling tool for theranostics

机译：纳米金刚石的生产，表面改性和生物医学应用：用于治疗学的闪耀工具

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摘要

Diamond nano-particles or nanodiamonds (NDs) are nano-scale carbon allotropes and exhibit characteristic mechanical and optical properties. Unlike other nanocarbon materials NDs are highly bio-compatible and comparatively safe which makes them the material of future interest in the field of medicine. NDs are synthesized by various techniques which includes detonation technique, chemical vapour deposition, high pressure high temperature etc. and followed by post-synthesis processing such as purification, surface modification and functionalization. Interestingly, the versatile surface chemistry of NDs facilitates the conjugation with various functional groups and chemical moieties, which can be utilized for biomedical applications. Due to their unique optical and spectroscopic properties, NDs have been studied in bio-imaging in which NDs doped with specific atoms such as nitrogen, sodium, boron and were used for cell labelling and/or cell tracking. NDs have also been explored as a targeted drug delivery platform in conjugation with various therapeutic agents such as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory agents etc., attributed to its flexible surface properties. Apart from this, macromolecules like protein and nucleic acids can be delivered in an efficient and safe manner with NDs. This review focuses on the synthesis, surface modification and various biomedical applications of nanodiamonds as a theranostic agent.
机译：金刚石纳米颗粒或纳米金刚石（NDs）是纳米级碳同素异形体，具有特征性的机械和光学特性。与其他纳米碳材料不同，NDs具有高度的生物相容性，并且相对安全，这使其成为医学领域未来关注的材料。 ND通过各种技术合成，包括爆轰技术，化学气相沉积，高压高温等，然后进行合成后的处理，例如纯化，表面改性和功能化。有趣的是，ND的通用表面化学促进了与各种官能团和化学部分的结合，这些结合可用于生物医学应用。由于其独特的光学和光谱性质，已经在生物成像中研究了ND，其中ND掺杂有特定原子（例如氮，钠，硼），并用于细胞标记和/或细胞跟踪。由于具有灵活的表面特性，NDs还可以作为与多种治疗剂（例如抗癌剂，抗菌剂，抗炎剂等）结合的靶向药物输送平台而开发。除此之外，大分子蛋白质（如蛋白质和核酸）可以通过ND高效安全地递送。这篇综述的重点是作为治疗试剂的纳米金刚石的合成，表面改性和各种生物医学应用。

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