...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Materials Science & Engineering >Thermoelectrics: From history, a window to the future
【24h】

Thermoelectrics: From history, a window to the future

机译：热电：从历史到未来的窗口

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Thermoelectricity offers a sustainable path to recover and convert waste heat into readily available electric energy, and has been studied for more than two centuries. From the controversy between Galvani and Volta on the Animal Electricity, dating back to the end of the XVIII century and anticipating Seebeck's observations, the understanding of the physical mechanisms evolved along with the development of the technology. In the XIX century Orsted clarified some of the earliest observations of the thermoelectric phenomenon and proposed the first thermoelectric pile, while it was only after the studies on thermodynamics by Thomson, and Rayleigh's suggestion to exploit the Seebeck effect for power generation, that a diverse set of thermoelectric generators was developed. From such pioneering endeavors, technology evolved from massive, and sometimes unreliable, thermopiles to very reliable devices for sophisticated niche applications in the XX century, when Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators for space missions and nuclear batteries for cardiac pacemakers were introduced. While some of the materials adopted to realize the first thermoelectric generators are still investigated nowadays, novel concepts and improved understanding of materials growth, processing, and characterization developed during the last 30 years have provided new avenues for the enhancement of the thermoelectric conversion efficiency, for example through nanostructuration, and favored the development of new classes of thermoelectric materials. With increasing demand for sustainable energy conversion technologies, the latter aspect has become crucial for developing thermoelectrics based on abundant and non-toxic materials, which can be processed at economically viable scales, tailored for different ranges of temperature. This includes high temperature applications where a substantial amount of waste energy can be retrieved, as well as room temperature applications where small and local temperature differences offer the possibility of energy scavenging, as in micro harvesters meant for distributed electronics such as sensor networks. While large scale applications have yet to make it to the market, the richness of available and emerging thermoelectric technologies presents a scenario where thermoelectrics is poised to contribute to a future of sustainable future energy harvesting and management.This work reviews the broad field of thermoelectrics. Progress in thermoelectrics and milestones that led to the current state-of-the-art are presented by adopting an historical footprint. The review begins with an historical excursus on the major steps in the history of thermoelectrics, from the very early discovery to present technology. Then, the most promising thermoelectric material classes are discussed one by one in dedicated sections and subsections, carefully highlighting the technological solutions on materials growth that have represented a turning point in the research on thermoelectrics. Finally, perspectives and the future of the technology are discussed in the framework of sustainability and environmental compatibility. An appendix on the theory of thermoelectric transport in the solid state reviews the transport theory in complex crystal structures and nanostructured materials.
机译：热电提供了一条回收和将废热转化为可利用的电能的可持续途径，并且已经进行了两个多世纪的研究。从Galvani和Volta在动物电学上的争论可以追溯到18世纪末，并期待Seebeck的观察，对物理机制的理解随着技术的发展而发展。在十九世纪，奥斯特（Orsted）澄清了对热电现象的最早观察，并提出了第一个热电堆，而这只是在汤姆森（Thomson）对热力学进行了研究之后，以及瑞利（Rayleigh）建议利用塞贝克效应进行发电的结果，开发了热电发电机。通过这种开创性的努力，在二十世纪，随着用于太空飞行的放射性同位素热电发生器和用于心脏起搏器的核电池的引入，技术从庞大的，有时甚至不可靠的热电堆发展成为非常可靠的设备，用于复杂的利基应用。虽然如今仍在研究一些用于实现第一台热电发电机的材料，但是在过去30年中开发出的新颖概念和对材料生长，加工和表征的更好理解为提高热电转换效率提供了新途径。纳米结构的例子，并支持新型热电材料的开发。随着对可持续能源转换技术的需求不断增长，后一方面对于开发基于丰富且无毒的材料的热电至关重要，该材料可在经济上可行的规模上加工，并针对不同的温度范围进行定制。这包括可回收大量废能的高温应用，以及室温和局部和小温差提供能量清除可能性的室温应用，例如用于分布式电子设备（如传感器网络）的微型收割机。尽管尚未将大规模应用推向市场，但可用的和新兴的热电技术的丰富性提出了一种场景，即热电有望为未来可持续的能源收集和管理做出贡献。本工作回顾了热电的广阔领域。通过采用历史足迹，介绍了导致当前最先进技术的热电学进展和里程碑。回顾始于对热电历史上主要步骤的历史考察，从最早期的发现到现在的技术。然后，在专门的部分和小节中逐一讨论了最有前途的热电材料类别，仔细强调了代表材料生长的技术解决方案，这些技术解决方案代表了热电学研究的一个转折点。最后，在可持续性和环境兼容性的框架内讨论了技术的前景和未来。固态热电传输理论的附录回顾了复杂晶体结构和纳米结构材料中的传输理论。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号