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Porous polymer derived ceramics

机译：多孔聚合物衍生的陶瓷

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摘要

Porous ceramics, in particular cellular ceramics with open and closed porosity, are key enabling components in different demanding applications because of their favorable set of properties. The production of porous ceramics from preceramic polymers offers advantages in terms of simple processing methodology, low processing cost, and ease of control over porosity and other properties arising from the composition of the resultant ceramics. Therefore, a vast amount of research has been conducted, in the past decade, towards the fabrication and characterization of porous ceramics produced from different polymeric precursors, such as polysiloxane, polycarbosilane, polysilazane and borazine. The potential of polymer-derived-ceramics can only be fully achieved if the type of fabrication method used is tailored taking into account the specific application of interest. For brevity, this review deals specifically with the different processing strategies employed to obtain, from polymer precursors, ceramic foams, membranes, aerogels or porous ceramics for which porosity higher than 50 vol% has been deliberately introduced, including also components with high specific surface area or hierarchical porosity. The different processing strategies, such as replica, sacrificial template, direct foaming, etching, aerogel forming, fiber spinning and automated manufacturing, are explained and the published literature has been reviewed with particular concern for the critical issues that affect the pore size, the amount of porosity and strength of the ceramic components.
机译：多孔陶瓷，特别是具有开孔和闭孔的多孔陶瓷，由于其良好的性能，在不同的苛刻应用中成为关键的关键部件。在简单的加工方法，低的加工成本以及易于控制由所得陶瓷的组成引起的孔隙率和其他性能方面，由预陶瓷聚合物生产的多孔陶瓷具有优势。因此，在过去的十年中，已经对由不同的聚合物前体例如聚硅氧烷，聚碳硅烷，聚硅氮烷和硼嗪生产的多孔陶瓷的制备和表征进行了大量研究。如果根据所关注的具体应用量身定制制造方法的类型，则只能充分实现聚合物衍生陶瓷的潜力。为简洁起见，本综述专门针对从聚合物前体中故意引入孔隙率高于50 vol％的陶瓷泡沫，膜，气凝胶或多孔陶瓷所采用的不同加工策略，其中还包括高比表面积的组分或分层孔隙度。解释了不同的加工策略，例如复制品，牺牲模板，直接发泡，蚀刻，气凝胶成型，纤维纺丝和自动化制造，并且对出版的文献进行了综述，特别关注影响孔径，用量的关键问题。陶瓷部件的孔隙率和强度。

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