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Progress Towards a Complete Model of Metal Additive Manufacturing

机译：金属添加剂制造完整模型的进展

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Metal additive manufacturing based on powder bed fusion processes is increasingly important. However, highly transient physical phenomena that occur in these processes at different length scales are difficult to observe. Challenging and costly experiments are usually needed to obtain data for process understanding and improvement. Computational modelling of powder-bed fusion processes is therefore important from several points of view. These include better process understanding, optimisation of process parameters and component designs, prediction of component properties, qualification of components and to assist process control. Several physical processes have to be treated to develop a complete model, namely the raking of the powder bed surface, the transfer of energy from the laser or electron beam to the metal, the melting and solidification of the powder, the flow of liquid metal in the melt pool, the heat transfer from the melt pool to the surrounding powder and solid metal, the evolution of the microstructure, and the residual stress and deformation of the component. These processes occur at very different scales, and have to be treated using several different computational techniques. In addition, the interdependency of some of the processes has to be accounted for. This paper discusses the rationale for developing a complete model, progress in developing submodels of the different physical processes, and the framework that is envisaged to combine the submodels into a predictive model of the additive manufacturing process.
机译：基于粉末床融合工艺的金属添加剂制造越来越重要。然而，在不同长度尺度的这些过程中发生的高瞬态物理现象难以观察到。通常需要具有挑战性和昂贵的实验来获得流程理解和改进的数据。因此，从几个观点来看，粉末床融合过程的计算建模很重要。其中包括更好的过程理解，优化过程参数和组件设计，组件属性预测，组件的资格和协助过程控制。必须治疗几种物理过程以开发完整的模型，即粉末床表面的耙，从激光或电子束转移到金属，熔化和凝固的粉末，液体金属流动熔池，从熔融池的热传递到周围粉末和固体金属，微观结构的演变，以及组分的残余应力和变形。这些过程发生在非常不同的尺度上，并且必须使用几种不同的计算技术处理。此外，必须考虑一些过程的相互依赖性。本文讨论了开发完整模型的基本原理，在不同物理过程的发育中子模型中的进展以及设想将子模沟结合到添加剂制造过程的预测模型中的框架。

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