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An energy-efficient cyber-physical system for wireless on-board aircraft structural health monitoring

机译：用于机载无线结构健康监测的节能型网络物理系统

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In this paper, an energy-efficient cyber-physical system using piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) and wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed, designed and experimentally validated for on-board aircraft structural health monitoring (SHM). A WSN is exploited to coordinate damage detection using PZTs distributed on the whole aircraft. An active sensing methodology is adopted for PZTs to evaluate the structural integrity in a pitch-catch manner. The system configuration and operation principle are discussed in the first place. Then, the detailed hardware design was introduced. The proposed system is not only characterized as low-power, high-compactness and wireless, but also capable of processing actuating-sensing signals at megahertz, generating actuating signals with great flexibility, handling multiple actuating-sensing channels with marginal crosstalk. The design was implemented on a 4-layer printed circuit board (8 x 6.5 cm) and evaluated on a large-scale composite fuselage. A 5 MHz sampling rate for actuating and 1.8 MHz for sensing (8 channels) were realized, and the accuracy was validated by comparing the results with those from an oscilloscope. The crosstalk issue caused by actuation on sensing channels is properly addressed using a 2-stage attenuation method. An ultra-low current (81.7 mu A) was measured when no detection was required; the average current was 0.45 mA with a detection rate of twice per hour, which means the system can continuously work for up to 12.6 months for 2 AA batteries. Eventually, an example of damage detection is provided, showing the capability of such a system in SHM. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在本文中，提出了一种使用压电换能器（PZT）和无线传感器网络（WSN）的节能型电子物理系统，并对其进行了设计和实验验证，可用于机载飞机结构健康监测（SHM）。利用WSN协调使用分布在整个飞机上的PZT进行的损坏检测。对于PZT，采用主动传感方法以节距捕获的方式评估结构完整性。首先讨论了系统配置和操作原理。然后，介绍了详细的硬件设计。所提出的系统不仅具有低功耗，高紧凑和无线的特点，而且还能够处理兆赫兹的激励信号，产生具有很大灵活性的激励信号，处理带有边际串扰的多个激励信道。该设计在4层印刷电路板上（8 x 6.5厘米）实施，并在大型复合机身上进行评估。实现了5 MHz的激励采样率和1.8 MHz的传感采样率（8个通道），并且通过将结果与示波器的结果进行比较来验证准确性。使用两级衰减方法可以正确解决由传感通道上的驱动引起的串扰问题。当不需要检测时，测量到超低电流（81.7μA）；平均电流为0.45 mA，每小时检测速率为两次，这意味着该系统可以连续使用2节AA电池长达12.6个月。最终，提供了损坏检测的示例，显示了SHM中这种系统的功能。 （C）2019 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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