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Application of the shock response spectrum method to severity assessment of water hammer loads

机译：冲击响应谱法在水锤载荷的严重性评估中的应用

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Water hammer (WH) is a transient phenomenon which happens to appear in pipe flow systems as an effect of a sudden change in pipe flow conditions. Various origins can be the primary source of WH. They usually come from the liquid (e.g. operation of valves), but when the pipeline system is significantly elastic, WH can be produced by an external impact or transient vibration due to fluid structure interaction (FSI) effect. Hydraulic transients are usually undesired effects as large amplitudes of pressure waves, pipe stresses or vibration accompanying this phenomenon can be the source of pipeline system malfunction. Therefore, many efforts are taken by scientists and engineers to avoid unexpected WH events or to reduce their harmfulness. Systematic protection of pipeline systems requires a reliable method of severity estimation of WH loads. Various ways can be used for evaluation of WH strength. In general, severity of a transient depends on its amplitude, i.e. the maximum value of the liquid pressure. Another important factor is time dependence of the load signal however, a simple observation of its shape in time domain is usually not an effective technique. Instead, frequency domain analysis can be exploited. A specific kind of spectral analysis used in structural mechanics for assessment of shock loads and transients is the shock response spectrum (SRS) method. An original concept of application of this technique to WH events is proposed in this study. The method is shortly presented and its numerical approach developed by the author and applicable to WH loads are described. As an example of use the SRS computations and analysis of own WH experimental results measured at a laboratory pipeline are performed and concluded. Specific preprocessing of WH signal was applied and explained. It is evidenced in the paper that the applied SRS method gives a valuable and effective tool for determination of WH load severity. Therefore, it can also be used for comparison between alternative designs of pipeline system applied for protection from undesired WH events.
机译：水锤（WH）是一种瞬态现象，恰好出现在管道流动系统中，作为管道流动条件突然变化的效果。各种起源可以是WH的主要来源。它们通常来自液体（例如阀门的操作），但是当管道系统显着弹性时，通过流体结构相互作用（FSI）效应，可以通过外部冲击或瞬态振动来生产。液压瞬变通常是不期望的效果，作为大量的压力波，管道应力或伴随的振动这种现象可以是管道系统故障的源。因此，科学家和工程师采取了许多努力，以避免意外的WH活动或减少其危害。管道系统的系统保护需要一种可靠的WH负载严重性估计方法。各种方式可用于评估WH强度。通常，瞬态的严重程度取决于其振幅，即液体压力的最大值。另一个重要因素是负载信号的时间依赖性，但是在时域中的形状简单地观察通常不是有效的技术。相反，可以利用频域分析。用于评估冲击载荷和瞬变的结构力学中使用的特定类型的光谱分析是冲击响应频谱（SRS）方法。本研究提出了本技术对WH事件的原始应用概念。简要呈现了该方法，并描述了由作者开发并适用于WH负载的数值方法。作为使用在实验室管道测量的SRS计算和对实验管道测量的实验结果的示例，并结束。应用HS信号的具体预处理和解释。在纸质中证明了应用的SRS方法给出了有价值有效的工具，用于确定WH负荷严重程度。因此，它还可以用于对施加的管道系统的替代设计之间的比较，用于保护免受不需要的WH事件。

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