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首页> 外文期刊>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A >Gradient Nanomechanics: Applications to Deformation, Fracture, and Diffusion in Nanopolycrystals
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Gradient Nanomechanics: Applications to Deformation, Fracture, and Diffusion in Nanopolycrystals

机译：梯度纳米力学：在纳米多晶的变形，断裂和扩散中的应用

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摘要

The term “gradient nanomechanics” is used here to designate a generalized continuum mechanics framework accounting for “bulk-surface” interactions in the form of extra gradient terms that enter in the balance laws or the evolution equations of the relevant constitutive variables that govern behavior at the nanoscale. In the case of nanopolycrystals, the grain boundaries may be viewed either as sources/sinks of “effective” mass and internal force or as a separate phase, interacting with the bulk phase that it surrounds, and supporting its own fields, balance laws, and constitutive equations reflecting this interaction. In either view, a further common assumption introduced is that the constitutive interaction between bulk and “interface” phases enters in the form of higher order gradient terms, independently of the details of the underlying physical mechanisms that bring these terms about. The effectiveness of the approach is shown by considering certain benchmark problems for nanoelasticity, nanoplasticity, and nanodiffusion for which standard continuum mechanics theory fails to model the observed behavior. Its implications to interpreting size-dependent stress-strain curves for nanopolycrystals with varying grain size are also discussed.
机译：此处使用“梯度纳米力学”一词来指代广义的连续力学力学框架，该框架以“额外-梯度”项的形式解释“体-表面”相互作用，这些梯度项进入平衡定律或控制该行为的相关本构变量的演化方程。纳米级。在纳米多晶的情况下，晶界既可以看作是“有效”质量和内力的源/沉，也可以看作是单独的相，与它所包围的本体相相互作用，并支持其自身的场，平衡定律和反映这种相互作用的本构方程。无论哪种观点，都引入了另一个共同的假设，即本体相和“界面”相之间的本构相互作用以高阶梯度项的形式进入，而与导致这些项的潜在物理机制的细节无关。通过考虑纳米弹性，纳米可塑性和纳米扩散的某些基准问题，表明了该方法的有效性，而标准连续体力学理论无法对这些基准问题建模观察到的行为。还讨论了其对于解释具有变化的晶粒尺寸的纳米多晶体的尺寸依赖性应力-应变曲线的意义。

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