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Feeding and risering of high-alloy steel castings

机译：高合金钢铸件的上料和冒口

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摘要

A more accurate, less conservative set of feeding distance (FD) and riser sizing rules is developed for high-alloy steel castings produced from alloy grades CF-8M, CA-15, HH, HK, and HP. These rules are designed to produce radiographically sound castings at 2 pct sensitivity. By comparing results between plate casting trials and the corresponding simulations of those trials, a relationship is shown to exist between a local thermal parameter known as the Niyama criterion and ASTM shrinkage X-ray level. This relationship is then used in an extensive set of casting simulations to numerically determine FDs for a wide range of casting conditions. It is shown that the FD rule developed in an analogous earlier study for carbon and low-alloy (C&LA) steels can also be used for these high-alloy grades, provided that the FD is modified by a multiplier that accounts for the high-alloy steel grade. In addition, it is shown that multipliers for superheat, sand mold materials, and the use of chills developed in the earlier work are also valid with these high-alloy steel grades. In comparison with previously published high-alloy FD rules, the present rules are shown to provide longer FDs (and hence higher casting yields) in most casting situations. This study also investigates riser sizing rules. It is determined that for open top risers, the previously published C&LA riser sizing rule is also valid for high-alloy steels. This rule is less conservative than existing high-alloy riser sizing rules, specifying smaller risers that produce higher casting yields. In addition, for vented blind top risers, it is shown that the previously published rules are also overly conservative.
机译：对于由CF-8M，CA-15，HH，HK和HP合金等级生产的高合金钢铸件，开发了一套更为准确，不太保守的进给距离（FD）和冒口尺寸规则。这些规则被设计生产在2 pct敏感性的射线照相的铸件。通过比较平板铸造试验和这些试验的相应模拟之间的结果，表明在称为Niyama准则的局部热参数与ASTM收缩X射线能级之间存在关系。然后，在广泛的铸造模拟中使用此关系来数值确定各种铸造条件下的FD。结果表明，在类似的早期研究中针对碳钢和低合金（C＆LA）钢开发的FD规则也可以用于这些高合金等级，前提是FD通过乘以高合金的乘数进行了修改。钢级。此外，还表明，对于这些高合金钢，过热，砂模材料的乘数以及早期工作中开发的冷风的使用也有效。与以前发布的高合金FD规则相比，在大多数铸造情况下，本规则显示出更长的FD（因此铸件产量更高）。本研究还研究了立管尺寸规则。已确定对于敞开式冒口，先前发布的C＆LA冒口尺寸规则也适用于高合金钢。该规则不如现有的高合金冒口尺寸规则保守，后者规定了产生更高铸件成品率的较小冒口。另外，对于通风的盲孔立管，表明先前发布的规则也过于保守。

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  • 来源
    《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》 |2005年第1期|97-116|共20页
  • 作者

    Shouzhu Ou; Kent D. Carlson; Christoph Beckermann;

  • 作者单位

    the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering The University of Iowa 52242 Iowa City IA;

    the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering The University of Iowa 52242 Iowa City IA;

    the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering The University of Iowa 52242 Iowa City IA;

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