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首页> 外文期刊>Michigan Academician >Contemporary Geomorphic Processes and Change on Lake Michigan Coastal Dunes: An Example from Hoffmaster State Park, Michigan
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Contemporary Geomorphic Processes and Change on Lake Michigan Coastal Dunes: An Example from Hoffmaster State Park, Michigan

机译：密歇根湖沿岸沙丘的当代地貌过程及其变化：以密歇根州霍夫马斯特州立公园为例

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摘要

Geomorphic changes to Lake Michigan coastal dunes are strongly influenced by seasonal wind, temperature, and precipitation patterns. Between September 2000 and April 2003, geomorphic processes were studied in a coastal-dune system in P.J. Hoffmaster State Park, located south of Muskegon, Michigan. From October through April each year, sand transport and dune surface changes were measured with erosion pins and sand traps. During the same time periods, surface conditions and microclimate were measured at the study area. During the summer months, dune conditions were observed and photographed at irregular intervals. Measurements and observations focused on the active foredune and established foredune ridge located between the lake and the large parabolic dunes common to Lake Michigan's east coast. Results show a distinctly seasonal pattern to Lake Michigan coastal dune change. Aeolian processes are most effective during the late fall and winter when winds are strong and vegetation cover is at a minimum. Other variables that influence sand transport patterns are wind direction, surface moisture, ground-freezing, snow, ice and beach width. Despite considerable constraints, foredune growth was measured at 1.9-5 m~3 m~(-1) year~(-1), with yearly deposition at some foredune locations exceeding 30 cm. All wind-blown sand from the beach was captured by the foredune, but local redistribution of sand by wind occurs in active blowouts on the established foredune ridge. The measured dune activity takes place in the context of low lake levels; rates and types of coastal dune activity are expected to change with rising lake levels.
机译：密歇根湖沿岸沙丘的地貌变化受到季节性风，温度和降水模式的强烈影响。在2000年9月至2003年4月之间，在密歇根州马斯基根市南部的霍夫马斯特州立公园的海岸一沙丘系统中研究了地貌过程。从每年的十月到四月，用侵蚀针和集沙器测量沙的运输和沙丘表面的变化。在同一时间段内，在研究区域测量了表面条件和微气候。在夏季，不定期观察沙丘情况并拍照。测量和观察的重点是活跃的山脊和位于湖和密歇根湖东海岸常见的大型抛物线沙丘之间的山脊。结果表明，密歇根湖沿岸的沙丘变化具有明显的季节性模式。在大风和植被覆盖最小的秋季和冬季，风沙过程最有效。影响砂子运输方式的其他变量是风向，表面湿度，地面冻结，雪，冰和海滩宽度。尽管有很大的限制，前足的生长在1.9-5 m〜3 m〜（-1）年〜（-1）左右，某些前足位置的年沉积量超过30 cm。滩涂捕获了海滩上所有被风吹起的沙子，但风在沙土中的重新分布发生在既定的山脊上的活跃井喷中。测得的沙丘活动发生在湖泊水位较低的情况下；沿海沙丘活动的速度和类型预计将随着湖泊水位的上升而变化。

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