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首页> 外文期刊>Michigan Academician >Political Clubs in Michigan Election Campaigns: A Comparison of the Pingree and Griffin Campaigns
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Political Clubs in Michigan Election Campaigns: A Comparison of the Pingree and Griffin Campaigns

机译：密歇根州竞选活动中的政治俱乐部：普林格和格里芬竞选活动的比较

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摘要

Other than this difference stemming from campaign finance rules changes, Hazen S. Pingree and Robert P. Griffin organized and used candidate-oriented political clubs to achieve electoral victories in much the same way. Significantly, Pingree's club use represented a candidate-centered campaign at the peak of political party machine strength. Pingree's club-supported victory came well in advance of election reforms like the direct primary and developments in mass-communication media that are thought to contribute to the use of candidate-centered campaigns. Continuation of this kind of club use by Griffin is significant precisely because the advances in mass media-based campaigning prior to and during his time in Congress and the U.S. Senate make it appear as a throwback to the days of old. Regardless of its electoral advantages in gaining a primary ballot position and campaign fundraising, the Griffin Club movement looks like a personal political machine compared to that of a typical modern mass media based campaign. Ironically, Griffin's losing 1978 Senate reelection campaign may be attributed in part to its relatively greater emphasis on mass media use to neglect of grassroots club activity comon to earlier Griffin campaigns.
机译：除了由于竞选财务规则变更而产生的差异之外，Hazen S. Pingree和Robert P. Griffin还组织和使用面向候选人的政治俱乐部，以几乎相同的方式实现选举胜利。值得注意的是，在政党机构实力达到顶峰时，品格利俱乐部的使用代表了以候选人为中心的竞选活动。 Pingree的俱乐部支持的胜利要早于选举改革（如直接初选和大众传播媒体的发展）之前，这些改革被认为有助于使用以候选人为中心的竞选活动。格里芬继续使用这种俱乐部意义重大，因为在他在国会和美国参议院任职之前和期间，基于大众媒体的竞选活动取得了进展，这使其看起来像是回到了过去。尽管在获得主要投票和竞选筹款方面有选举优势，但与典型的现代大众媒体竞选相比，格里芬俱乐部运动看起来像是个人政治机器。具有讽刺意味的是，格里芬（Griffin）失败的1978年参议院连任竞选活动可能部分归因于它相对更强调大众媒体的使用，而忽略了早期格里芬（Griffin）竞选活动中的草根俱乐部活动。

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