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TCSTM: A task-characteristic-considered steady-state thermal model of multicore processors

机译：TCSTM：考虑任务特性的多核处理器稳态热模型

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摘要

Because the power density and temperatures of multicore processors are increasing to the extent that their performance and reliability are degraded, it is crucial to estimate the powers and temperatures of multicore processors accurately and rapidly at the early design stage. In this paper, to improve the accuracy, a task-characteristic considered steady-state thermal model (TCSTM) of multicore processors is presented. First, a metric, namely, task characteristic, is explicitly defined to characterize the behavior of a workload. The task characteristic is expressed by a column vector H-cycle = [h(memory), h(branch), h(integer), h(float)]', in which each element respectively denotes the number of memory instructions, branch instructions, integer instructions and floating point instructions per cycle. Second, the dynamic power of a core is modeled as a linear function of the task characteristic, running frequency and the square of voltage. The leakage power is approximated as a linear model of the temperature and voltage. The voltage-given and temperature-interval-limited linear regression (VTLR) method is employed to reduce the complexity of the steady-state model. Third, the steady-state temperature of a core is derived as a function of the task characteristic, frequency, voltage and the number of active cores. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to introduce the task characteristic into the steady-state thermal model. Finally, not only the relationships between the frequency, the number of active cores and hot-spot temperatures but also the impact of the number of frequency scaled cores on hot-spot temperatures are investigated experimentally. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed steady-state model achieves satisfactory accuracy in terms of the estimation of the dynamic and leakage power and the prediction of hot-spot functional units.
机译：由于多核处理器的功率密度和温度增加到性能和可靠性下降的程度，因此在设计的早期阶段准确，快速地估算多核处理器的功率和温度至关重要。在本文中，为了提高精度，提出了一种具有任务特征的多核处理器稳态热模型（TCSTM）。首先，明确定义一个度量标准，即任务特征，以表征工作负载的行为。任务特征由列向量H-cycle = [h（内存），h（分支），h（整数），h（float）]'表示，其中每个元素分别表示存储指令，分支指令的数量，每个周期的整数指令和浮点指令。其次，将铁芯的动态功率建模为任务特性，运行频率和电压平方的线性函数。泄漏功率近似为温度和电压的线性模型。电压给定和温度间隔有限的线性回归（VTLR）方法用于降低稳态模型的复杂性。第三，根据工作特性，频率，电压和活动核心数得出核心的稳态温度。据我们所知，这是将任务特征引入稳态热模型的第一项工作。最后，不仅实验研究了频率，有源铁心数与热点温度之间的关系，而且还研究了频率定标铁心数对热点温度的影响。实验结果表明，提出的稳态模型在动态和泄漏功率的估计以及热点功能单元的预测方面达到了令人满意的精度。

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