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Combating Terrorism

机译：打击恐怖主义

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On 11 september 2001, the United States was subjected to a complex, coordinated, devastating terrorist attack. In less than 2 hours, New York's World Trade Center and a portion of the Pentagon were destroyed, and four commercial airliners were lost with all passengers and crew. The full national and international response to this attack continues to take shape. Assessing the attack's physical consequences in terms of damage and casualties will take years. On the international front, the United States has declared war on terrorism, and President George W. Bush has clearly defined the national strategic objective as eliminating terrorist groups "with global reach." An antiterrorist coalition has commenced offensive operations against the perpetrators and their allies, and that coalition is sending a consistent message that the fight against terrorism will be long, costly, and difficult. While military action is under way abroad, the Bush administration has expanded the Cabinet to include a new portfolio for homeland security, and additional resources have been committed to improving security measures and intelligence capabilities that address terrorism. Other countries are also reassessing their arrangements for countering terrorism. This response suggests that Bush's mission to eradicate international terrorism will require a comprehensive set of countermeasures to address every aspect of that threat before, during, and after an attack. This article proposes a framework to evaluate the completeness of any strategy for combating generic terrorist attacks. The framework divides terrorists' offensive efforts and the counterterrorist response into preparatory, crisis, and consequence phases, each involving a particular set of terrorist activities that demand specific countermeasures.
机译：2001年9月11日，美国遭受了复杂，协调，破坏性的恐怖袭击。在不到2小时的时间内，纽约的世界贸易中心和五角大楼的一部分被摧毁，所有乘客和机组人员损失了四架商业客机。国家和国际社会对这一袭击的全面反应仍在形成。从损害和人员伤亡的角度评估袭击的物理后果将需要数年时间。在国际方面，美国已向恐怖主义宣战，布什总统已明确将国家战略目标定义为消灭“具有全球影响力”的恐怖主义集团。一个反恐联盟已经开始对犯罪者及其盟友发动进攻，该联盟正在发出一个一致的信息，即反恐斗争将是漫长，昂贵和困难的。在国外采取军事行动的同时，布什政府扩大了内阁的范围，增加了用于国土安全的新项目，并已承诺投入更多资源来改善应对恐怖主义的安全措施和情报能力。其他国家也正在重新评估其反恐安排。这一回应表明，布什消除国际恐怖主义的使命将需要一套全面的对策，以在袭击之前，之中和之后应对这一威胁的各个方面。本文提出了一个框架，以评估任何与一般恐怖袭击作斗争的战略的完整性。该框架将恐怖分子的进攻努力和反恐对策分为准备阶段，危机阶段和后果阶段，每个阶段都涉及需要采取特定对策的特定恐怖活动。

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