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The Rise of Computing Research in East Africa: The Relationship Between Funding, Capacity and Research Community in a Nascent Field

机译：东非计算机研究的兴起：新生领域中资金，能力和研究社区之间的关系

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摘要

The emergence of vibrant research communities of computer scientists in Kenya and Uganda has occurred in the context of neoliberal privatization, commercialization, and transnational capital flows from donors and corporations. We explore how this funding environment configures research culture and research practices, which are conceptualized as two main components of a research community. Data come from a three-year longitudinal study utilizing interview, ethnographic and survey data collected in Nairobi and Kampala. We document how administrators shape research culture by building academic programs and training growing numbers of PhDs, and analyze how this is linked to complicated interactions between political economy, the epistemic nature of computer science and sociocultural factors like entrepreneurial leadership of key actors and distinctive cultures of innovation. In a donor-driven funding environment, research practice involves scientists constructing their own localized research priorities by adopting distinctive professional identities and creatively structuring projects. The neoliberal political economic context thus clearly influenced research communities, but did not debilitate computing research capacity nor leave researchers without any agency to carry out research programs. The cases illustrate how sites of knowledge production in Africa can gain some measure of research autonomy, some degree of global competency in a central arena of scientific and technological activity, and some expression of their regional cultural priorities and aspirations. Furthermore, the cases suggest that social analysts must balance structure with culture, place and agency in their approaches to understanding how funding and political economy shape scientific knowledge.
机译：肯尼亚和乌干达充满活力的计算机科学家研究社区的出现是在新自由主义私有化，商业化以及捐助者和公司的跨国资本流动的背景下发生的。我们探索这种资助环境如何配置研究文化和研究实践，这些概念和概念被概念化为研究社区的两个主要组成部分。数据来自一项为期三年的纵向研究，该研究利用了在内罗毕和坎帕拉收集的访谈，人种学和调查数据。我们记录了管理员如何通过建立学术计划和培训越来越多的博士学位来塑造研究文化，并分析了这与政治经济学，计算机科学的认识论本质和社会文化因素（例如关键角色的企业家领导力和独特的文化）之间的复杂相互作用之间的联系。革新。在捐助者驱动的资助环境中，研究实践涉及科学家通过采用独特的专业身份并创造性地构建项目来构建自己的本地化研究重点。因此，新自由主义的政治经济背景显然影响了研究社区，但并未削弱计算研究能力，也没有让研究人员没有任何机构来执行研究计划。这些案例说明了非洲知识生产基地如何获得某种程度的研究自主权，在科学和技术活动中心领域的某种程度的全球竞争力，以及它们区域文化优先事项和愿望的某种表达方式。此外，这些案例表明，社会分析师在理解资金和政治经济学如何塑造科学知识的方法中，必须在结构，文化，场所和代理之间取得平衡。

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  • 来源
    《Minerva》 |2018年第1期|35-58|共24页
  • 作者

    Matthew Harsh; Ravtosh Bal; Jameson Wetmore; G. Pascal Zachary; Kerry Holden;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Engineering in Society, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd., EV-2.257, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;

    Centre for Engineering in Society, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd., EV-2.257, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;

    School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Interdisciplinary B 278, 1120 Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287-5603, USA;

    School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Interdisciplinary B 278, 1120 Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287-5603, USA;

    School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Geography Building, Room 106, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Computer science; Research funding; Research community; Kenya; Uganda;

    机译：计算机科学;研究经费;研究界;肯尼亚;乌干达;

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