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From Eminent Men to Excellent Universities: University Rankings as Calculative Devices

机译：从杰出人士到优秀大学：大学排名是计算手段

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摘要

Global university rankings have become increasingly important 'calculative devices' for assessing the 'quality' of higher education and research. Their ability to make characteristics of universities 'calculable' is here exemplified by the first proper university ranking ever, produced as early as 1910 by the American psychologist James McKeen Cattell. Our paper links the epistemological rationales behind the construction of this ranking to the sociopolitical context in which Cattell operated: an era in which psychology became institutionalized against the backdrop of the eugenics movement, and in which statistics of science became used to counter a perceived decline in 'great men.' Over time, however, the 'eminent man,' shaped foremost by heredity and upbringing, came to be replaced by the excellent university as the emblematic symbol of scientific and intellectual strength. We also show that Cattell's ranking was generative of new forms of the social, traces of which can still be found today in the enactment of 'excellence' in global university rankings.
机译：全球大学排名已成为评估高等教育和研究“质量”的日益重要的“计算工具”。他们使大学的特征“可计算”的能力在此以美国心理学家詹姆斯·麦克肯特·卡特尔（James McKeen Cattell）早在1910年产生的有史以来第一个适当的大学排名为例。我们的论文将这一排名背后的认识论原理与卡特尔（Cattell）所处的社会政治环境相联系：在这个时代，心理学在优生学运动的背景下被制度化，科学统计被用来应对感知的衰落。 “好男人。”然而，随着时间的流逝，以遗传和教养为首的“杰出人物”被优秀的大学取代，成为科学和智力实力的象征性象征。我们还表明，卡特尔（Cattell）的排名是社会新形式的产生，今天在全球大学排名中“卓越”的制定中仍然可以找到其痕迹。

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  • 来源
    《Minerva》 |2017年第4期|391-411|共21页
  • 作者

    Bjoern Hammarfelt; Sarah de Rijcke; Paul Wouters;

  • 作者单位

    Swedish School of Library and Information Science, University of Boras, Allegatan 1, 501 90 Boras, Sweden,CWTS, Leiden University, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands;

    CWTS, Leiden University, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands;

    CWTS, Leiden University, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    University rankings; Calculative devices; Excellence; Eugenics;

    机译：大学排名;计算设备;卓越;优生学;

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