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Reaching for the Stars? Astronomy and Growth in Chile

机译：到达星星？智利的天文与成长

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摘要

While scholars and policy practitioners often advocate for science and technology transfer as a motor for economic growth, many in Latin America have long warned of the pitfalls of such top-down, North-South transfers. To many in Latin America, scientific aid or cooperation from the North has often reproduced hierarchies that perpetuate dependency. Large astronomy observatories located in Chile - with a high price tag, cutting-edge technology, and seen to answer seemingly arcane research questions - seem ripe for reproducing precisely these kinds of hierarchical relationships. Using data from documents, interviews, and a site visit to Gemini South, one of several large telescopes in Chile, this paper takes a historical perspective to examine how resilient these hierarchical relationships are. Over forty years, astronomy in Chile grew thanks to new policies that fostered cooperation among universities and gave locals privileged access to the telescopes. But the community also grew in ways that reproduced dependency: foreign science benefits significantly, the Chilean state operates in top-down ways, and its support for science leaves it blind to the benefits high-tech telescopes deliver to Chile, which are not linked to export-led growth. The state appears as both an obstacle and an enabler to the growth of a national scientific community.
机译：尽管学者和政策从业者经常主张将科学技术转让作为促进经济增长的动力，但拉丁美洲许多国家早就对这种自上而下的南北转移的陷阱提出了警告。对于拉丁美洲的许多人来说，来自北方的科学援助或合作通常会重现长期存在的等级制度。位于智利的大型天文台具有很高的价格，最先进的技术，并被视为回答了看似神秘的研究问题，似乎正好可以精确地再现此类等级关系。本文使用来自文档，访谈的数据以及对智利几个大型望远镜之一的Gemini South的实地考察，从历史的角度考察了这些层次关系的弹性。四十年来，智利的天文学发展得益于新政策的发展，这些新政策促进了大学之间的合作，并使当地人有特权使用望远镜。但是社区也以重现依赖的方式增长：外国科学从中受益匪浅，智利以自上而下的方式运作，其对科学的支持使其对高科技望远镜带给智利的收益视而不见，这些望远镜与智利无关出口带动的增长。国家既是国家科学共同体发展的障碍，也是其促成因素。

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  • 来源
    《Minerva》 |2015年第2期|141-164|共24页
  • 作者

    Javiera Barandiaran;

  • 作者单位

    Global and International Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, SSMS 2129, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Big Science; Astronomy; Chile; Development; Periphery;

    机译：大科学;天文学;智利;发展;周边;

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