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Research Portfolio Analysis in Science Policy: Moving from Financial Returns to Societal Benefits

机译：科学政策中的研究项目组合分析：从财务回报转向社会收益

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摘要

Funding agencies and large public scientific institutions are increasingly using the term "research portfolio" as a means of characterizing their research. While portfolios have long been used as a heuristic for managing corporate R&D (i.e. R&D aimed at gaining tangible economic benefits), they remain ill-defined in a science policy context where research is aimed at achieving societal outcomes. In this article we analyze the discursive uses of the term "research portfolio" and propose some general considerations for their application in science policy. We explore the use of the term in private R&D and related scholarly literature in existing science policy practices, and seek insight in relevant literature in science policy scholarship. While the financial analogy can in some instances be instructive, a simple transposition from the world of finance or of corporate R&D to public research is problematic. However, we do identify potentially fruitful uses of portfolio analysis in science policy. In particular, our review suggests that the concept of research portfolio can indeed be a useful analytical instrument for tackling complex societal challenges. Specifically, the strands of scholarship identified suggest that the use of research portfolio should: ⅰ) recognize the diversity of research lines relevant for a given societal challenge, given the uncertainty and ambiguity of research outcomes; ⅱ) examine the relationships between research options of a portfolio and the expected societal outcomes; and ⅲ) adopt a systemic perspective to research portfolios - i.e. examine a portfolio as a functional whole, rather than as the sum of its parts. We argue that with these considerations, portfolio-driven approaches may foster social inclusion in science policy decisions, help deliberation between "alternative" portfolios to tackle complex societal challenges, as well as promote cost-effectiveness and transparency.
机译：资助机构和大型公共科学机构越来越多地使用“研究组合”一词作为表征其研究的手段。长期以来，投资组合一直被用作管理公司研发的启发式方法（即旨在获得有形经济利益的研发），但在旨在实现社会成果的研究的科学政策背景下，投资组合仍然没有明确定义。在本文中，我们分析了“研究组合”一词的话语用法，并提出了一些将其应用于科学政策的一般考虑。我们探索该术语在现有科学政策实践中在私人R＆D和相关学术文献中的用法，并寻求有关科学政策奖学金中相关文献的见识。尽管在某些情况下，财务类比可能具有启发性，但从财务或公司研发领域向公共研究的简单转换是有问题的。但是，我们确实在科学政策中确定了组合分析的潜在成果。特别是，我们的评论表明，研究组合的概念确实可以作为应对复杂社会挑战的有用分析工具。具体来说，所确定的奖学金链条建议使用研究档案袋：ⅰ）考虑到研究结果的不确定性和含糊性，应认识到与给定的社会挑战相关的研究领域的多样性； ⅱ）研究投资组合的研究选择与预期社会成果之间的关系； ⅲ）从系统角度研究投资组合-即将投资组合视为功能整体，而不是其各个部分的总和。我们认为，基于这些考虑，投资组合驱动的方法可能会促进社会参与科学政策决策，有助于在“替代”投资组合之间进行审议以应对复杂的社会挑战，并提高成本效益和透明度。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Minerva》 |2015年第2期|89-115|共27页
  • 作者

    Matthew L. Wallace; Ismael Rafols;

  • 作者单位

    INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;

    INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain ,SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK ,Observatoire des Sciences et Techniques (HCERES-OST), Paris, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Research portfolio; Prioritisation; Research landscape; Societal challenges;

    机译：研究组合;优先排序;研究领域;社会挑战;

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