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The Rise and Fall of the Science Advisor to the President of the United States

机译：美国总统科学顾问的兴衰

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The president's science advisor was formerly established in the days following the Soviet launch of Sputnik at the height of the Cold War, creating an impression of scientists at the center of presidential power. However, since that time the role of the science advisor has been far more prosaic, with a role that might be more aptly described as a coordinator of budgets and programs, and thus more closely related to the functions of the Office of Management and Budget than the development of presidential policy. This role dramatically enhances the position of the scientific community to argue for its share of federal expenditures. At the same time, scientific and technological expertise permeates every function of government policy and politics, and the science advisor is only rarely involved in wider White House decision making. The actual role of the science advisor as compared to its heady initial days, in the context of an overall rise of governmental expertise, provides ample reason to reconsider the role of the presidential science advisor, and to set our expectations for that role accordingly.
机译：总统的科学顾问以前是在冷战最激烈的苏联发射人造卫星之后的几天里成立的，这给科学家留下了深刻印象，使他成为总统权力的中心。但是，从那时起，科学顾问的角色变得更加平淡无奇，可以更恰当地描述其为预算和计划协调员，因此与管理和预算办公室的职能比总统政策的发展。这一角色极大地增强了科学界争辩其在联邦支出中所占份额的地位。同时，科学技术专长渗透到政府政策和政治的每项职能中，科学顾问很少参与更广泛的白宫决策。在政府专门知识全面增长的背景下，科学顾问的实际角色与其最初的繁忙日子相比，提供了充分的理由来重新考虑总统科学顾问的角色，并据此设定我们的期望。

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