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Investigation into dust exposures and mining practices in mines in the southern Appalachian Region

机译：阿巴拉契亚南部地区矿山的粉尘暴露和采矿实践调查

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摘要

Recent NIOSH published information has shown an increase of rapidly progressive coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in the southern Appalachian coal region (SAR) of the U.S., despite the fact that compliance data indicates that most coal miners have been exposed to coal mine dust concentrations below the statutory limit of 2 mg/m^sup 3^. While the exact cause of these elevated CWP levels in the SAR has not been established, several factors may be contributing to the increase in occupational lung disease among coal miners. The mining of high rank coal is known to lead to higher CWP rates, and this type of coal is mined in a portion of this region. Also, a high percentage of the mines in the region are on reduced dust standards because of the high silica content of the airborne dust resulting in miners possibly being exposed to excessive amounts of respirable silica dust. Exposure to excessive amounts of respirable silica dust can lead to silicosis, a disabling and potentially fatal lung disease. NIOSH's Respiratory Hazards Control Branch has been investigating the possible causes that would account for the observed higher trends in disease progression through literature review, data analysis and in-mine surveying. The investigation to date has revealed that underground mines are faced with cutting large amounts of rock in order to maintain haulage clearances. Cutting rock not only increases the potential for silica exposure, it increases the requirement for machine maintenance, which was a concern observed during dust surveys conducted by NIOSH. Over half of the mines operating in the SAR are on reduced standards due to high silica content. Adequate face ventilation of the continuous miner and roof bolter and limited down-wind operations from the miner are also issues of concern and items that require the constant attention of miners operating in these conditions. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
机译：NIOSH最近发布的信息显示，美国南部阿巴拉契亚煤区（SAR）的快速进行性煤矿工人尘肺病（CWP）有所增加，尽管事实是合规数据表明大多数煤矿工人已暴露于煤矿尘埃浓度中低于法定限值2 mg / m ^最高3 ^。尽管尚未找到导致SAR中CWP水平升高的确切原因，但有几个因素可能导致煤矿工人职业性肺病的增加。众所周知，高等级煤炭的开采会导致更高的CWP率，这种类型的煤炭在该地区的一部分地区开采。另外，由于空气中粉尘的二氧化硅含量高，该地区很大一部分矿山的粉尘标准降低，导致矿工可能会暴露于过量的可吸入二氧化硅粉尘中。暴露于过量的可吸入二氧化硅粉尘中会导致矽肺病，这是一种致残性甚至可能致命的肺部疾病。 NIOSH的呼吸危害控制处一直在调查可能的原因，这些原因可通过文献综述，数据分析和矿井调查来解释观察到的疾病发展趋势。迄今为止的调查表明，地下矿山面临着切割大量岩石以维持运输间隙的问题。切割岩石不仅增加了二氧化硅暴露的可能性，而且增加了机器维护的要求，这是在NIOSH进行的粉尘调查中观察到的一个问题。由于二氧化硅含量高，特区中超过一半的矿山标准降低。连续采矿机和顶板锚机的充分通风以及采矿机的顺风操作也是令人关注的问题，需要在这些条件下运行的采矿机要经常注意的事项。 [出版物摘要]

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    《Mining Engineering》 |2010年第2期|p.44-49|共6页
  • 作者

    Douglas E Pollock J Drew Potts Gerald J Joy;

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    OF. POI.I.OCL JO. POTTS AND G.J. JOYDouglas E. rollock. J. Drew Potts and Gerald J. Joy, are research engineer, research etpiteei and industrial hyqenist respectively, with the National Institute for Occupaliotal Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh, PA. Paper numberTP-09-001. Original manuscript suhaifled May 7009. Revised manuscript accented for publication May 2000 Oiscussioo of this peer reviewed and approoed paper is invited and must be submitted to SME Poblicatiuts Oept. prior to May 31, 2010.;

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