To create a numerical description of color (e.g., X,Y,Z), one applies a color matching function (CMF) to spectral power distribution data acquired with an instrument such as a spectroradiometer. All the adjustments one makes to a video display or to video data depend on the accuracy of these numbers. The broadcast industry and others for whom color fidelity is crucial have long depended on the 1931 CIE CMF. Recent and continuing advances in display technology, however, have exposed serious deficiencies in this CMF. These deficiencies have long been known to academic researchers, who have in the intervening years proposed several alternative CMFs. This paper reviews the critical flaws that render the 1931 CMF no longer reliable and surveys the strengths and weaknesses of candidates for its replacement.
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