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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE transactions on multimedia >PULSE: An Adaptive, Incentive-Based, Unstructured P2P Live Streaming System
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PULSE: An Adaptive, Incentive-Based, Unstructured P2P Live Streaming System

机译：PULSE：自适应，基于激励的非结构化P2P实时流媒体系统

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摘要

Large-scale live media streaming is a challenge for traditional server-based approaches. To appropriately support big audiences, broadcasters must be able to allocate huge bandwidth and computational resources. The costs involved with such an infrastructure exclude all but the established content producers from exploiting the Internet as a distribution medium. Publishers of not-yet-popular content, unless they manage to properly predict their maximum audience size, will likely fail to dimension correctly their broadcast infrastructure. Peer-to-peer systems for live streaming allow the users to support content distribution by contributing their unused resources: this increases the scalability of the content distribution while reducing at the same time the economical burden on the streaming provider. This paper presents and evaluates PULSE, an unstructured mesh-based peer-to-peer system designed to support live streaming to large audiences under the arbitrary resource availability as is typically the case for the Internet. PULSE is a highly dynamic system: it constantly optimizes its mesh of data connections using a feedback-driven peer selection strategy that is based on pairwise incentives. We evaluate the behavior of PULSE under realistic scenarios via simulation and emulation, and present the advantages of our approach, namely a best-effort response to system-wide resource scarcity, high resilience to node churn, and good hop-count properties of the average data distribution paths.
机译：对于传统的基于服务器的方法而言，大规模的实时媒体流传输是一项挑战。为了适当地支持大量观众，广播公司必须能够分配巨大的带宽和计算资源。这样的基础架构所涉及的成本使除了已建立的内容生产商之外的所有人都无法利用Internet作为分发介质。尚未流行的内容的发布者，除非设法正确地预测最大受众规模，否则可能无法正确确定其广播基础结构的尺寸。实时流媒体的点对点系统允许用户通过贡献其未使用的资源来支持内容分发：这增加了内容分发的可伸缩性，同时减少了流媒体提供商的经济负担。本文介绍并评估了PULSE，这是一种非结构化的，基于网格的点对点系统，旨在在任意资源可用的情况下支持向大型受众进行实时流传输，这是Internet常见的情况。 PULSE是一个高度动态的系统：它使用基于成对激励的反馈驱动对等选择策略不断优化其数据连接网格。我们通过仿真和仿真评估了实际情况下的PULSE行为，并提出了我们的方法的优势，即对系统范围资源短缺的尽力而为响应，对节点搅动的高弹性以及平均值的良好跳数特性数据分发路径。

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