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Effectiveness of crypto-transcoding for H.264/AVC and HEVC video bit-streams

机译：H.264 / AVC和HEVC视频比特流的密码转码的有效性

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To avoid delays arising from a need to decrypt a video prior to transcoding and then re-encrypt it afterwards, this paper assesses a selective encryption (SE) content protection scheme. The scheme is suited to both recent standardized codecs, namely H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Specifically, the paper outlines a joint crypto-transcoding scheme for secure transrating of a video bitstream. That is to say it generates new video bitrates, possibly as part of an HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) content delivery network. The scheme will reduce the bitrate to one or more lower desired bit-rate without consuming time in the encryption/decryption process, which would be the case when full encryption is used. In addition, the decryption key no longer needs to be exposed at intermediate middleboxes, including when transrating is performed in a cloud datacenter. The effectiveness of the scheme is variously evaluated: by examination of the SE generated visual distortion; by the extent of computational and bitrate overheads; and by choice of cipher when encrypting the selected elements within the bitstream. Results indicate that there remains: a content; quantization level (after transrating of an encrypted video); and codec-type dependency to any distortion introduced. A further recommendation is that the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is preferred for SE to lightweight XOR encryption, despite it being taken up elsewhere as a real-time encryption method.
机译：为了避免由于在转码之前先解密视频然后再对其进行加密而引起的延迟，本文评估了选择性加密（SE）内容保护方案。该方案适用于最新的标准化编解码器，即H.264 /高级视频编码（AVC）和高效视频编码（HEVC）。具体来说，本文概述了用于视频比特流的安全转换的联合密码转换方案。也就是说，它可能会作为HTTP自适应流（HAS）内容交付网络的一部分，生成新的视频比特率。该方案将把比特率降低到一个或多个较低的所需比特率，而不会在加密/解密过程中浪费时间，这在使用完全加密时会是这种情况。此外，解密密钥不再需要在中间中间盒中公开，包括在云数据中心中执行转换时。对该计划的有效性进行了各种评估：通过检查SE产生的视觉失真；通过计算和比特率开销的程度；加密位流中的选定元素时，通过选择密码来实现。结果表明仍然存在：内容；量化级别（在加密视频转换之后）；以及编解码器类型对引入的任何失真的依赖性。进一步的建议是，SE优先于轻量级的XOR加密使用Advanced Encryption Standard（AES），尽管它在其他地方已作为实时加密方法使用。

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