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REACTIVE OXYGEN/NITROGEN SPECIES NANOPROBES

机译：活性氧/氮物种纳米探针

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摘要

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are a group of biological substances involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. They are easily inter-convert and can easily react with several biological molecules causing changes in the structure and function of cellular components. Even if their determination is of particular interest their detection in vivo it's not straightforward and is a continuous challenging due to their short half live, low concentrations, antioxidant mechanisms and interferences. Several analytical methodologies have been proposed for their detection and/or quantification. The majority of these analytical methodologies are electrochemical and optical methodologies. Attending to their own specific physical and chemical properties, the nanomaterials becomes to be one of the most promising emerging materials for developing electrochemical or optical sensors or biosensors. Beside their unique own properties, they possess the ability to be "loaded" with a vast variety of molecules, which allows that a significant great number of applications in therapeutic and diagnostic could be developed. Nanomaterials based in carbon as the carbon nanotubes (CNT) or carbon dots (CDs), semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), magnetic, gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles, and have been extensively investigated for their use as ROS/RNS nanoprobes. This chapter review the most promising nanomaterials for the development of electrochemically or optical sensors for the ROS/RNS electrochemical or optical sensing.
机译：活性氧和氮物质（ROS / RNS）是一组涉及各种生理和病理过程的生物物质。它们很容易相互转换，并且可以轻松地与几种生物分子发生反应，从而导致细胞成分的结构和功能发生变化。即使对他们的测定特别感兴趣，在体内进行检测也不是一件容易的事，并且由于其半衰期短，浓度低，抗氧化机理和干扰等原因，这一直是一个挑战。已经提出了几种分析方法用于其检测和/或定量。这些分析方法中的大多数是电化学和光学方法。凭借其自身的特定物理和化学特性，纳米材料成为发展电化学或光学传感器或生物传感器的最有前途的新兴材料之一。除了其独特的特性外，它们还具有被多种分子“负载”的能力，这使得可以开发出在治疗和诊断中的大量应用。以碳为基础的纳米材料，例如碳纳米管（CNT）或碳点（CD），半导体量子点（QD），磁性，金（AuNPs）和银（AgNPs）纳米颗粒，并已广泛研究了它们用作ROS / RNS的用途纳米探针。本章回顾了用于ROS / RNS电化学或光学传感的电化学或光学传感器开发的最有前途的纳米材料。

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