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首页> 外文期刊>Natural areas journal >Restoring Early successional Shrubland Habitat for Black-capped Vireos Using Mechanical Mastication
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Restoring Early successional Shrubland Habitat for Black-capped Vireos Using Mechanical Mastication

机译：使用机械咀嚼恢复黑顶维埃奥的早期演替灌木丛生境。

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Disturbance-dependent shrublands and the birds that nest in them are declining due to factors that include fire suppression and tree encroachment. Mechanical treatments are often used to decrease the threat of wildfire in sensitive areas, such as the wildland-urban interface, and could be used for restoration. We evaluated the use of mechanical mastication (also called mulching or chipping) to restore early-successional structure to oak-dominated shrublands in Texas, which provide nesting habitat for the endangered black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla Woodhouse). After mastication, overall vegetation height remained low for at least four growing seasons (pretreatment: 2.9 +/- 0.1 m, mean +/- SE; year 4: 1.1 +/- 0.1 m). Canopy-sized Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) was eliminated by mastication for the duration of the study, but other woody species remained abundant, maintaining vegetation density below 1 m. Black-capped vireos foraged in the masticated areas during the first and second breeding seasons after treatment, and started nesting in them during the third breeding season. By the fourth breeding season, breeding pairs were more than twice as abundant as before mastication (mean of 8.7 vs. 3.7 territories) and nests were farther from existing trails (mean +/- SE of 39.9 +/- 8.2 m vs. 18.4 +/- 3.5 m), indicating that the birds were using more of the available space for breeding. We did not find a difference in the probability of nests in masticated areas surviving over the 28-day period from egg laying to fledging compared to nests from other areas (95% CI 0.28-0.62 and 0.18-0.47, respectively). Mastication is an effective substitute for prescribed fire to restore early-successional structure in shrublands dominated by resprouting woody plants and can also provide short-term control of nonsprouting species.
机译：取决于干扰的灌木丛和筑巢于其中的鸟类由于灭火和树木侵占等因素而在减少。机械处理通常用于减少敏感区域（如荒野与城市的交界处）的野火威胁，并可用于恢复。我们评估了机械咀嚼（也称为覆盖或削片）的使用，以恢复德克萨斯州以橡树为主的灌木丛的早期成功结构，这为濒临灭绝的黑冠鱼（Vireo atricapilla Woodhouse）提供了筑巢栖息地。咀嚼后，至少四个生长季节的总体植被高度保持较低水平（预处理：2.9 +/- 0.1 m，平均+/- SE；第4年：1.1 +/- 0.1 m）。在研究期间，通过咀嚼消除了冠层大小的阿什杜松（Juniperus ashei Buchholz），但其他木本种类仍然丰富，植被密度保持在1 m以下。在处理后的第一个和第二个繁殖季节，黑冠维雷奥犬在咀嚼区觅食，并在第三个繁殖季节开始在其中筑巢。到第四个繁殖季节，繁殖对的数量是咀嚼前的两倍多（均值8.7对3.7领土），并且巢距现有路径更远（均值SE为39.9 +/- 8.2 m对18.4 + /-3.5 m），表示这些鸟类正在使用更多可用空间进行繁殖。与其他地区的燕窝相比，我们发现在从产卵到出雏的28天内咀嚼区的燕窝存活的概率没有差异（分别为95％CI 0.28-0.62和0.18-0.47）。咀嚼是替代规定火种的有效替代品，可在以发芽的木本植物为主的灌木丛中恢复早期成功的结构，还可以提供对非发芽物种的短期控制。

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