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Engineering Perspectives on Reducing Hurricane Damage to Housing in CARICOM Caribbean Islands

机译：减少加勒比共同体加勒比群岛飓风对住房的损害的工程观点

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摘要

The annual hurricane related losses to Caribbean residential buildings in the past two decades highlight the societal and socioeconomic vulnerability of these islands. Despite considerable hurricane disaster mitigation activity in the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), the housing sector in particular remains at an elevated risk for damage. Improving the structural resiliency of homes has been largely ineffective, as was illustrated by damage to most of the Grenadian housing stock from Hurricane Ivan in 2004. While international and regional interventions have provided emergency postdisaster aid, sustained efforts to improve design and construction practices and foster sustainable mitigation activity are lacking, with the limited projects not gaining much traction in the construction sector. This paper provides an exploratory framework of the issues surrounding wind damage mitigation and the construction of residential structures to improve overall hurricane resilience in the CARICOM states. It synthesizes 35 years of research findings about Caribbean hazard mitigation initiatives, many of which are not available to researchers in other geographic settings. The uniqueness of the Caribbean housing stock, the importance of small-scale economies, the existing socioeconomic constraints, and the effectiveness of regional and international residential construction mitigation strategies are also evaluated. Finally, the paper identifies and prioritizes critical avenues of future research to improve the resiliency of the CARICOM residential building stock.
机译：在过去的二十年中，与飓风有关的年度损失给加勒比海居民住宅造成的损失突显了这些岛屿的社会和社会经济脆弱性。尽管加勒比共同体和共同市场（CARICOM）开展了大量的飓风减灾活动，但特别是住房部门遭受破坏的风险仍然很高。改善房屋的结构弹性在很大程度上没有效果，2004年伊万飓风对大多数格林纳丁斯住房造成的破坏就说明了这一点。尽管国际和区域干预措施提供了灾后紧急援助，但仍在不断努力以改善设计和施工方法并促进缺乏可持续的缓解活动，有限的项目在建筑领域没有获得太大的吸引力。本文为减轻风灾损害和建造住宅结构提供了探索性框架，以改善加共体各州的总体飓风适应能力。它综合了35年有关减轻加勒比海灾害的倡议的研究成果，其中许多研究成果在其他地理环境中均不可用。还评估了加勒比地区住房存量的独特性，小规模经济的重要性，现有的社会经济制约因素以及区域和国际住宅建设缓解战略的有效性。最后，本文确定了未来研究的关键途径并确定了优先顺序，以提高加共体住宅建筑群的弹性。

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