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首页> 外文期刊>Natural history >The Lightness Of Being: Mass, Ether, And The Unification Of Forces
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The Lightness Of Being: Mass, Ether, And The Unification Of Forces

机译：存在的轻度：质量，以太和力的统一

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Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist Frank Wilczek's latest contribution to the literature of popular science deals, not surprisingly, with the "deep structure of reality," the mathematical regularity that underlies the complex and changeable face of the universe. Surprisingly, however, its point of departure is a simple question: why do things have mass? If you remember even a shred of high-school science, the answer seems obvious: things have mass because everything, from atoms to galaxies, is made of matter, and mass is a fundamental property of matter. To question any further would be as futile as asking why a circle is round or why a square has four sides. You just can't separate the property from the object itself.rnOr can you? As physicists in recent decades have probed the atomic nucleus, a regime that Wilczek calls the "micronanocosm," they have found that matter can pick up mass as easily as a wool sweater picks up lint (unlike a circle, which can't somehow pick up roundness). When two particles are smashed together in a giant accelerator, for instance, they often disintegrate, but not into smaller component parts. Instead, they produce showers of particles far heavier than the total mass of the particles that produced them. "It's as if," writes Wilczek, "you smashed together two Granny Smith apples, and got three Granny Smiths, a Red Delicious, a cantaloupe, a dozen cherries, and a pair of zucchini!"
机译：诺贝尔奖理论物理学家弗兰克·威尔泽克（Frank Wilczek）对通俗科学文献的最新贡献毫不奇怪地涉及“深层的现实结构”，即构成宇宙复杂多变面孔的数学规律。但是，令人惊讶的是，它的出发点是一个简单的问题：为什么事物具有质量？如果您还记得一堆高中的科学知识，答案似乎很明显：事物具有质量，因为从原子到星系的所有事物都是由物质构成的，质量是物质的基本属性。再问什么，就像问一个圆为什么是圆形或一个正方形为什么有四个边一样徒劳。您只能将属性与对象本身分开。还是可以吗？近几十年来，物理学家们探索了原子核（威尔切克称之为“微观纳米”的一种机制），他们发现，物质可以像羊毛衫捡起皮棉一样容易地吸收质量（不像圆圈那样，它不能以某种方式吸收）圆度）。例如，当两个粒子在巨型加速器中粉碎在一起时，它们通常会崩解，但不会分解成较小的组成部分。取而代之的是，它们产生的粒子喷淋量远大于产生它们的粒子的总质量。威尔切克写道：“就好像您将两个格兰尼·史密斯苹果捣碎了，得到了三个格兰尼·史密斯，一个红色美味，哈密瓜，一打樱桃和一双西葫芦一样！”

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    《Natural history》 |2008年第9期|42|共1页
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    Frank Wilczek;

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