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首页> 外文期刊>Natural language & linguistic theory >The futurity of the present and the modality of the future: a commentary on Broekhuis and Verkuyl
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The futurity of the present and the modality of the future: a commentary on Broekhuis and Verkuyl

机译：当下的未来和未来的方式：关于布罗克威斯和韦尔库伊的评论

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摘要

In this commentary, I address two aspects of Broekhuis and Verkuyl's (2013) paper Binary Tense and Modality, pertaining to the analysis of the present and the future. Broekhuis and Verkuyl propose an analysis of the morphological present in Dutch as a prospective interval allowing reference to times after the speech time. This renders the Dutch auxiliary zullen redundant as a future marker-and relegates its function to the realm of epistemic modality. The present-as-interval analysis extends to Greek and beyond, but I show that additional language-systemic constrains are needed to precisely specify when a particular present form will be allowed to future-shift, and whether it designates a present or a nonpast. The epistemic use of the future forms is also supported crosslinguistically, as can be seen in recent discussions on the Greek and Italian future words (Giannakidou 2012; Giannakidou and Mari 2012, 2013). I present examples from Greek and Italian showing that future morphemes crosslinguistically induce commitment weakening, and are therefore very similar to modal particles in Dutch and German (Zimmermann 2011) which appear to have exactly the same effect.
机译：在这篇评论中，我谈到了Broekhuis和Verkuyl（2013）的论文《二进制时态与模态》中涉及当前和未来分析的两个方面。 Broekhuis和Verkuyl建议对荷兰语中的形态进行分析，作为一个预期间隔，以允许参考语音时间之后的时间。这使荷兰辅助zullen成为将来的标记，并将其功能降到了认知模态领域。 “按时间间隔进行分析”扩展到希腊语及其他语言，但我表明，还需要其他语言系统约束来精确指定何时允许将特定的当前形式转换为未来形式，以及它是否指定了当前或不过去。跨语言也支持对未来形式的认知使用，正如最近有关希腊和意大利未来词的讨论所见（Giannakidou 2012； Giannakidou and Mari 2012，2013）。我从希腊文和意大利文中得到的例子表明，未来的语素在语言学上会引起定语减弱，因此与荷兰语和德语中的语气词非常相似（Zimmermann 2011）。

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