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Iconic features

机译：标志性功能

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Sign languages are known to display the same general grammatical properties as spoken languages ('Universal Grammar'), but also to make greater use of iconic mechanisms. In Schlenker et al.'s 'Iconic Variables' (Linguist Philos 36(2):91-149, 2013), it was argued that loci (= positions in signing space corresponding to discourse referents) can have an iconic semantics, in the sense that certain geometric relations among loci (subset and relative complementation, as well as high/ low position relative to the signer) are preserved by the interpretation function. Here we ask whether plural and height specifications of loci display the formal behavior of phi-features in remaining uninterpreted in focus- and ellipsis-constructions (as in the bound readings of, e.g., Only Mary admires herself, or of Mary admires herself, and John does too). Data from ASL and LSF show that plural and height specifications may indeed remain uninterpreted in these constructions; furthermore, there are cases in which a single high locus is construed iconically and left uninterpreted in the course of ellipsis resolution. We argue that our data are compatible with two theories. According to the Strong View, plural and height specifications of loci display exactly the behavior of spoken language features. According to the Weak View, our data just show that plural and height specifications share the behavior of features and other non-assertive elements in being separable from the referential terms they specify. Our LSF data are compatible with the Weak View; our ASL data might provide support for the Strong View. While our aim is merely to open the debate about the featural status of iconic specifications, the question is of some importance: if features are innate and primitive elements of grammar, and if some of them have an intrinsically geometric semantics, the signed modality might play a greater role than is usually thought at the very core of Universal Grammar.
机译：众所周知，手语显示出与口语相同的一般语法特性（“通用语法”），但也更多地使用了标志性机制。在Schlenker等人的“图标变量”（Linguist Philos 36（2）：91-149，2013）中，有人指出，基因座（=话语被指在签名空间中的位置）可以具有图标语义。感觉到位点之间的某些几何关系（子集和相对互补，以及相对于签名者的高/低位置）被解释功能所保留。在这里，我们要问的是，基因座的复数和高度规范是否显示了phi特征的形式行为，而仍未在焦点和省略号构造中得到解释（例如，只有玛丽敬佩自己或玛丽敬佩自己，约翰也是）。来自ASL和LSF的数据表明，在这些构造中，复数和高度规范的确可能无法解释。此外，在某些情况下，单个的高位基因座是用图示来解释的，在省略号解析的过程中却没有得到解释。我们认为我们的数据符合两种理论。根据“强视点”，座位的复数和高度规格准确显示了口语功能的行为。根据弱视图，我们的数据仅表明，复数和高度规范可以与特征和其他非确定性元素共享它们所指定的参照术语的行为。我们的LSF数据与弱视图兼容；我们的ASL数据可能会为“强景”提供支持。虽然我们的目的仅仅是公开讨论标志性规范的特征性状态，但这个问题还是很重要的：如果特征是语法的固有和原始元素，并且如果某些特征具有内在的几何语义，则签名形式可能会发挥作用比普遍语法的核心角色具有更大的作用。

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