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Early human development: new data raise important embryological and ethical questions relevant for stem cell research

机译：人类早期发展：新数据引发了与干细胞研究相关的重要胚胎学和伦理学问题

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Recent research has considerably changed our views about the developmental biology of early mammalian embryos compared with the ideas that were predominant throughout the previous 30 years or so. New data obtained recently suggest that the mammalian embryo uses traits of axes determination mechanisms that are not too different from the modes used by other vertebrates. In particular, it appears that asymmetry cues derived from the oocyte cytoplasm and modified/specified during sperm penetration appear to be crucial in normal embryogenesis, rather than the environmental influences exerted, e.g. at embryo implantation in the uterus. On the other hand, recent advances in research on the equivalents of a Spemann-Mangold organizer in species other than amphibia (including mammals) provide a background for new discussions of early embryonic patterning (axis formation) processes in the embryonic disc. In combination, these new views appear to be of considerable interest in the debate on the developmental properties and the ethical status of embryonic stem cells. The present review focuses specifically on the new aspects of axis determination and pattern formation processes in early mammalian embryos and relates this to questions about the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells (totipotency vs pluripotency/omnipotency), i.e. facts that appear to be worth considering in the recent debate about the ontological status of the early human embryo as well as of human embryonic stem cells.
机译：与过去30年左右的主流思想相比，最近的研究已大大改变了我们对早期哺乳动物胚胎发育生物学的看法。最近获得的新数据表明，哺乳动物胚胎使用的轴确定机制特征与其他脊椎动物所使用的模式没有太大差异。特别地，似乎来自卵母细胞细胞质并且在精子穿透过程中被修饰/确定的不对称提示似乎在正常胚胎发生中是至关重要的，而不是施加例如环境影响。在子宫内的胚胎植入。另一方面，关于Spemann-Mangold组织者在两栖动物以外的物种（包括哺乳动物）中的等效物的最新研究进展为胚胎盘早期胚胎构图（轴形成）过程的新讨论提供了背景。结合起来，这些新观点在关于胚胎干细胞的发育特性和伦理地位的辩论中似乎引起了极大的兴趣。本综述特别关注早期哺乳动物胚胎中轴确定和模式形成过程的新方面，并将其与有关胚胎干细胞发育潜力（全能vs多能/全能）的问题相关，即，似乎值得在以下方面考虑的事实：最近关于早期人类胚胎以及人类胚胎干细胞的本体状态的争论。

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  • 来源
    《Naturwissenschaften》 |2004年第1期|1-21|共21页
  • 作者

    Hans-Werner Denker;

  • 作者单位

    Institut für Anatomie Universitätsklinikum Essen;

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