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An ultrahot Neptune in the Neptune desert

机译：在海王星沙漠中的超大海王星

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摘要

About 1 out of 200 Sun-like stars has a planet with an orbital period shorter than one day: an ultrashort-period planet(1,2). All of the previously known ultrashort-period planets are either hot Jupiters, with sizes above 10 Earth radii (R-circle plus), or apparently rocky planets smaller than 2 R-circle plus. Such lack of planets of intermediate size (the `hot Neptune desert') has been interpreted as the inability of low-mass planets to retain any hydrogen/ helium (H/He) envelope in the face of strong stellar irradiation. Here we report the discovery of an ultrashort-period planet with a radius of 4.6 R-circle plus and a mass of 29 M-circle plus, firmly in the hot Neptune desert. Data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(3) revealed transits of the bright Sun-like star LTT 9779 every 0.79 days. The planet's mean density is similar to that of Neptune, and according to thermal evolution models, it has a H/He-rich envelope constituting 9.0(-2.9)(+2.7) % of the total mass. With an equilibrium temperature around 2,000 K, it is unclear how this `ultrahot Neptune' managed to retain such an envelope. Follow-up observations of the planet's atmosphere to better understand its origin and physical nature will be facilitated by the star's brightness (V-mag = 9.8).
机译：200多个太阳恒星中约有1个具有轨道周期的行星短于一天：超短一期地球（1,2）。所有先前已知的超短周期行星都是热的刺激器，尺寸高于10个地球半径（R形圈加），或明显岩石行星小于2 r圈加。这种缺乏中间大小的行星（“热海王星沙漠”）被解释为低质量行星不能在强烈的恒星照射面上保留任何氢/氦（H氦）封套。在这里，我们举报了一个半径为4.6 r圈加的超短时间行星的发现，并牢牢地在热海王星沙漠中牢牢牢固。来自过渡开拓调查卫星的数据（3）揭示了每0.79天的明亮阳光恒星LTT 9779的矫化器。地球的平均密度与海王星的平均密度类似，并且根据热进化模型，它具有H / HE富含总量的9.0（-2.9）（+ 2.7）％的H / HE的包络。均衡温度约为2,000 k，目前尚不清楚这是如何估计这种信封的方式。星球的亮度更好地了解其起源和物理性质的行星大气的随访观察（V-Mag = 9.8）。

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  • 来源
    《Nature Astronomy》 |2020年第12期|1148-1157A1-A6|共16页
  • 作者

    Jenkins James S.; Diaz Matias R.; Kurtovic Nicolas T.; Espinoza Nestor; Vines Jose I.; Rojas Pablo A. Pena; Brahm Rafael; Torres Pascal; Cortes-Zuleta Pia; Soto Maritza G.; Lopez Eric D.; King George W.; Wheatley Peter J.; Winn Joshua N.; Ciardi David R.; Ricker George; Vanderspek Roland; Latham David W.; Seager Sara; Jenkins Jon M.; Beichman Charles A.; Bieryla Allyson; Burke Christopher J.; Christiansen Jessie L.; Henze Christopher E.; Klaus Todd C.; McCauliff Sean; Mori Mayuko; Narita Norio; Nishiumi Taku; Tamura Motohide; de Leon Jerome Pitogo; Quinn Samuel N.; Villasenor Jesus Noel; Vezie Michael; Lissauer Jack J.; Collins Karen A.; Collins Kevin I.; Isopi Giovanni; Mallia Franco; Ercolino Andrea; Petrovich Cristobal; Jordan Andres; Acton Jack S.; Armstrong David J.; Bayliss Daniel; Bouchy Francois; Belardi Claudia; Bryant Edward M.; Burleigh Matthew R.; Cabrera Juan; Casewell Sarah L.; Chaushev Alexander; Cooke Benjamin F.; Eigmueller Philipp; Erikson Anders; Foxell Emma; Gansicke Boris T.; Gill Samuel; Gillen Edward; Guenther Maximilian N.; Goad Michael R.; Hooton Matthew J.; Jackman James A. G.; Louden Tom; McCormac James; Moyano Maximiliano; Nielsen Louise D.; Pollacco Don; Queloz Didier; Rauer Heike; Raynard Liam; Smith Alexis M. S.; Tilbrook Rosanna H.; Titz-Weider Ruth; Turner Oliver; Udry Stephane; Walker Simon. R.; Watson Christopher A.; West Richard G.; Palle Enric; Ziegler Carl; Law Nicholas; Mann Andrew W.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Chile Dept Astron Las Condes Chile|Ctr Astrofis & Tecnol Afines CATA Santiago Chile;

    Univ Chile Dept Astron Las Condes Chile|Ctr Astrofis & Tecnol Afines CATA Santiago Chile;

    Univ Chile Dept Astron Las Condes Chile;

    Space Telescope Sci Inst 3700 San Martin Dr Baltimore MD 21218 USA;

    Univ Chile Dept Astron Las Condes Chile;

    Univ Chile Dept Astron Las Condes Chile;

    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Ctr Astroengn UC Santiago Chile|Millennium Inst Astrophys Santiago Chile;

    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Ctr Astroengn UC Santiago Chile;

    Univ Chile Dept Astron Las Condes Chile;

    Queen Mary Univ London Sch Phys & Astron London England;

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD USA;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Princeton Univ Dept Astrophys Sci Princeton NJ 08544 USA;

    NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst CALTECH Pasadena CA USA;

    MIT Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    Royal Observ Belgium Brussels Belgium;

    Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge MA USA;

    MIT Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Dept Earth & Planetary Sci 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA;

    NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst CALTECH Pasadena CA USA;

    Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge MA USA;

    MIT Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    NASA Exoplanet Sci Inst CALTECH Pasadena CA USA;

    NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA;

    NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA;

    NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA;

    Univ Tokyo Dept Astron Tokyo Japan;

    Univ Tokyo Komaba Inst Sci Tokyo Japan|JST PRESTO Tokyo Japan|Astrobiol Ctr Tokyo Japan|Natl Astron Observ Japan Tokyo Japan|Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC Tenerife Spain;

    Kyoto Sangyo Univ Dept Phys Kyoto Japan;

    Univ Tokyo Dept Astron Tokyo Japan|Astrobiol Ctr Tokyo Japan|Natl Astron Observ Japan Tokyo Japan;

    Univ Tokyo Dept Astron Tokyo Japan;

    Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge MA USA;

    MIT Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    MIT Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA;

    Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge MA USA;

    George Mason Univ Fairfax VA 22030 USA;

    Campo Catino Astron Observ Guarcino Italy;

    Campo Catino Astron Observ Guarcino Italy;

    Campo Catino Astron Observ Guarcino Italy;

    Univ Toronto Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys Toronto ON Canada|Univ Toronto Scarborough Dept Phys & Environm Sci Ctr Planetary Sci Toronto ON Canada;

    Millennium Inst Astrophys Santiago Chile|Univ Adolfo Ibanez Fac Ingn & Ciencias Penalolen Chile;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Geneva Observ Geneve Sauverny Switzerland;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    German Aerosp Ctr Inst Planetary Res Berlin Germany;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    TU Berlin Ctr Astron & Astrophys Berlin Germany;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    German Aerosp Ctr Inst Planetary Res Berlin Germany;

    German Aerosp Ctr Inst Planetary Res Berlin Germany;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Cavendish Lab Astrophys Grp Cambridge England;

    MIT Dept Phys Cambridge MA 02139 USA|MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    Queens Univ Belfast Sch Math & Phys Astrophys Res Ctr Belfast Antrim North Ireland;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Univ Catolica Norte Inst Astron Antofagasta Chile;

    Univ Geneva Observ Geneve Sauverny Switzerland;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Cavendish Lab Astrophys Grp Cambridge England;

    German Aerosp Ctr Inst Planetary Res Berlin Germany|TU Berlin Ctr Astron & Astrophys Berlin Germany|FU Berlin Inst Geol Sci Berlin Germany;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    German Aerosp Ctr Inst Planetary Res Berlin Germany;

    Univ Leicester Dept Phys & Astron Leicester Leics England;

    German Aerosp Ctr Inst Planetary Res Berlin Germany;

    Univ Geneva Observ Geneve Sauverny Switzerland;

    Univ Geneva Observ Geneve Sauverny Switzerland;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England;

    Queens Univ Belfast Sch Math & Phys Astrophys Res Ctr Belfast Antrim North Ireland;

    Univ Warwick Dept Phys Coventry W Midlands England|Univ Warwick Ctr Exoplanets & Habitabil Coventry W Midlands England;

    Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC Tenerife Spain|Univ La Laguna ULL Dept Astrofis Tenerife Spain;

    Univ Toronto Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys Toronto ON Canada;

    Univ N Carolina Dept Phys & Astron Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA;

    Univ N Carolina Dept Phys & Astron Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA;

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