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Ferroelectric switching of a two-dimensional metal

机译：二维金属的铁电转换

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摘要

A ferroelectric is a material with a polar structure whose polarity can be reversed (switched) by applying an electric field(1,2). In metals, itinerant electrons screen electrostatic forces between ions, which explains in part why polar metals are very rare(3-7). Screening also excludes external electric fields, apparently ruling out the possibility of ferroelectric switching. However, in principle, a thin enough polar metal could be sufficiently penetrated by an electric field to have its polarity switched. Here we show that the topological semimetal WTe2 provides an embodiment of this principle. Although monolayer WTe2 is centro-symmetric and thus non-polar, the stacked bulk structure is polar. We find that two-or three-layer WTe2 exhibits spontaneous out-of-plane electric polarization that can be switched using gate electrodes. We directly detect and quantify the polarization using graphene as an electric-field sensor(8). Moreover, the polarization states can be differentiated by conductivity and the carrier density can be varied to modify the properties. The temperature at which polarization vanishes is above 350 kelvin, and even when WTe2 is sandwiched between graphene layers it retains its switching capability at room temperature, demonstrating a robustness suitable for applications in combination with other two-dimensional materials(9-12).
机译：铁电体是一种具有极性结构的材料，其极性可以通过施加电场来反转（切换）（1,2）。在金属中，流动电子屏蔽离子之间的静电力，这在一定程度上解释了为什么极性金属非常稀有的原因（3-7）。屏蔽也排除了外部电场，显然排除了铁电开关的可能性。但是，原则上，足够薄的极性金属可以被电场充分穿透以使其极性转换。在这里，我们显示拓扑半金属WTe2提供了此原理的一个实施例。尽管单层WTe2是中心对称的，因此是非极性的，但堆叠的体结构是极性的。我们发现，两层或三层WTe2表现出自发的平面外极化，可以使用栅电极进行切换。我们使用石墨烯作为电场传感器直接检测和量化极化（8）。此外，可以通过电导率来区分偏振态，并且可以改变载流子密度以改变特性。极化消失的温度高于350开尔文，即使将WTe2夹在石墨烯层之间，其在室温下仍能保持其开关能力，显示出适合与其他二维材料结合使用的坚固性（9-12）。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2018年第7718期|336-339|共4页
  • 作者

    Fei Zaiyao; Zhao Wenjin; Palomaki Tauno A.; Sun Bosong; Miller Moira K.; Zhao Zhiying; Yan Jiaqiang; Xu Xiaodong; Cobden David H.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA;

    Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA;

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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