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Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees

机译：欧洲灰树的基因组序列和遗传多样性

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摘要

Ash trees (genus Fraxinus, family Oleaceae) are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but are being devastated in Europe by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, causing ash dieback, and in North America by the herbivorous beetle Agrilus planipennis(1,2). Here we sequence the genome of a low-heterozygosity Fraxinus excelsior tree from Gloucestershire, UK, annotating 38,852 protein-coding genes of which 25% appear ash specific when compared with the genomes of ten other plant species. Analyses of paralogous genes suggest a whole-genome duplication shared with olive (Olea europaea, Oleaceae). We also re-sequence 37 F. excelsior trees from Europe, finding evidence for apparent long-term decline in effective population size. Using our reference sequence, we reanalyse association transcriptomic data(3), yielding improved markers for reduced susceptibility to ash dieback. Surveys of these markers in British populations suggest that reduced susceptibility to ash dieback may be more widespread in Great Britain than in Denmark. We also present evidence that susceptibility of trees to H. fraxineus is associated with their iridoid glycoside levels. This rapid, integrated, multidisciplinary research response to an emerging health threat in a non-model organism opens the way for mitigation of the epidemic.
机译：灰树（Fraxinus属，油木科）遍布北半球，但在欧洲受到真菌Hymenoscyphus fraxineus的破坏，导致灰分枯萎，而在北美则受到草食性甲虫Agrilus planipennis（1,2）的破坏。在这里，我们对来自英国格洛斯特郡的一种低杂合度白蜡木优良树的基因组进行了测序，注释了38,852个蛋白质编码基因，与其他十个植物物种的基因组相比，其中25％的灰分特异性。对同源基因的分析表明，与橄榄（油橄榄（Olea europaea），油菜科）共有一个全基因组重复。我们还对欧洲的37棵优良树进行了重新排序，发现有效种群数量长期出现明显下降的证据。使用我们的参考序列，我们重新分析了关联转录组数据（3），从而产生了改进的标记物，以减少对灰分固结的敏感性。对英国人群中这些标志物的调查表明，减少灰烬回落的敏感性在英国可能比在丹麦更普遍。我们还提供证据表明树木对H. fraxineus的敏感性与它们的虹膜样糖苷水平有关。这项针对非典型生物中正在出现的健康威胁的快速，综合，多学科的研究反应为减轻流行病打开了道路。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7636期|212-216|共5页
  • 作者

    Sollars Elizabeth S. A.; Harper Andrea L.; Kelly Laura J.; Sambles Christine M.; Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo H.; Swarbreck David; Kaithakottil Gemy; Cooper Endymion D.; Uauy Cristobal; Havlickova Lenka; Worswick Gemma; Studholme David J.; Zohren Jasmin; Salmon Deborah L.; Clavijo Bernardo J.; Li Yi; He Zhesi; Fellgett Alison; McKinney Lea Vig; Nielsen Lene Rostgaard; Douglas Gerry C.; Kjaer Erik Dahl; Downie J. Allan; Boshier David; Lee Steve; Clark Jo; Grant Murray; Bancroft Ian; Caccamo Mario; Buggs Richard J. A.;

  • 作者单位

    Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England|QIAGEN Aarhus AS, Silkeborgvej 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;

    Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England;

    Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England;

    Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Biosci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England;

    Earlham Inst, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UZ, Norfolk, England;

    Earlham Inst, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UZ, Norfolk, England;

    Earlham Inst, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UZ, Norfolk, England;

    Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England;

    John Innes Ctr, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England;

    Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England;

    Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England|Agr & Food Dev Author, Teagasc, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland;

    Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Biosci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England;

    Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Biosci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England;

    Earlham Inst, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UZ, Norfolk, England;

    Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England;

    Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England;

    Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England;

    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;

    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;

    Agr & Food Dev Author, Teagasc, Dublin D15 KN3K, Ireland;

    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;

    John Innes Ctr, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England;

    Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England;

    Northern Res Stn, Forest Res, Roslin EH25 9SY, Midlothian, Scotland;

    Earth Trust Little Wittenham, Abingdon OX14 4QZ, Oxon, England;

    Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Biosci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England|Univ Warwick, Sch Life Sci, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England;

    Univ York, Ctr Novel Agr Prod, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England;

    Earlham Inst, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UZ, Norfolk, England|Natl Inst Agr Bot, Cambridge CB3 0LE, England;

    Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England|Royal Bot Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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