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MATRILINEAL, a sperm-specific phospholipase, triggers maize haploid induction

机译：MATRILINEAL，一种精子特异性磷脂酶，触发玉米单倍体诱导

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摘要

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves double fertilization, the union of two sperm from pollen with two sex cells in the female embryo sac. Modern plant breeders increasingly seek to circumvent this process to produce doubled haploid individuals, which derive from the chromosome-doubled cells of the haploid gametophyte. Doubled haploid production fixes recombinant haploid genomes in inbred lines, shaving years off the breeding process(1). Costly, genotype-dependent tissue culture methods are used in many crops(2), while seed-based in vivo doubled haploid systems are rare in nature(3) and difficult to manage in breeding programmes(4). The multi-billion-dollar maize hybrid seed business, however, is supported by industrial doubled haploid pipelines using intraspecific crosses to in vivo haploid inducer males derived from Stock 6, first reported in 1959 (ref. 5), followed by colchicine treatment. Despite decades of use, the mode of action remains controversial(6-10). Here we establish, through fine mapping, genome sequencing, genetic complementation, and gene editing, that haploid induction in maize (Zea mays) is triggered by a frame-shift mutation in MATRILINEAL (MTL), a pollen-specific phospholipase, and that novel edits in MTL lead to a 6.7% haploid induction rate (the percentage of haploid progeny versus total progeny). Wildtype MTL protein localizes exclusively to sperm cytoplasm, and pollen RNA-sequence profiling identifies a suite of pollen-specific genes overexpressed during haploid induction, some of which may mediate the formation of haploid seed(11-15). These findings highlight the importance of male gamete cytoplasmic components to reproductive success and male genome transmittance. Given the conservation of MTL in the cereals, this discovery may enable development of in vivo haploid induction systems to accelerate breeding in crop plants.
机译：开花植物的有性生殖涉及双重受精，即花粉中的两个精子与雌性胚囊中的两个性细胞结合。现代植物育种者越来越多地寻求规避这一过程，以生产单倍体配子体的染色体倍增细胞而产生的倍增单倍体个体。单倍体产量翻倍，将重组单倍体基因组固定在近交系中，使繁殖过程缩短了数年（1）。许多作物使用基因型依赖的组织培养方法代价高昂（2），而基于种子的体内双单倍体系统在自然界中很少见（3），并且在育种程序中难以管理（4）。然而，数十亿美元的玉米杂交种子业务得到了工业双倍单倍体管道的支持，该单倍体管道使用种内杂交技术与自1959年首次报道的砧木6的体内单倍体诱导雄性杂交（参考文献5），然后进行秋水仙碱处理。尽管使用了数十年，但作用方式仍存在争议（6-10）。在这里，我们通过精细定位，基因组测序，遗传互补和基因编辑来确定玉米（Zea mays）中的单倍体诱导是由MATRILINEAL（MTL），花粉特异性磷脂酶的移码突变触发的，对MTL的修改导致单倍体诱导率达到6.7％（单倍体后代与总后代的百分比）。野生型MTL蛋白仅定位于精子细胞质，花粉RNA序列分析可鉴定出一组在单倍体诱导过程中过表达的花粉特异性基因，其中一些基因可能介导单倍体种子的形成（11-15）。这些发现突出了雄配子细胞质成分对生殖成功和雄性基因组透射率的重要性。考虑到谷物中MTL的保护，这一发现可能使体内单倍体诱导系统得以发展，从而加速农作物的育种。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7639期|105-109|共5页
  • 作者

    Kelliher Timothy; Starr Dakota; Richbourg Lee; Chintamanani Satya; Delzer Brent; Nuccio Michael L.; Green Julie; Chen Zhongying; McCuiston Jamie; Wang Wenling; Liebler Tara; Bullock Paul; Martin Barry;

  • 作者单位

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Seeds, 2369 330th St, Slater, IA 50244 USA;

    Syngenta Seeds, 4133 East Cty Rd O, Janesville, WI 53546 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA;

    Syngenta Seeds, 2369 330th St, Slater, IA 50244 USA;

    Syngenta Crop Protect, Seeds Res, 9 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA|CiBO Technol, 155 2nd St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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