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Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

机译：全球变暖和经常性的大规模珊瑚褪色

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摘要

During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs.
机译：在2015年至2016年期间，创纪录的温度引发了泛热带珊瑚白化事件，这是自1980年代首次记录大规模白化以来的第三次全球性事件。在这里，我们通过对澳大利亚礁石进行空中和水下调查并结合卫星得出的海面温度，研究了反复发生的重大漂白事件的严重程度如何以及为何在多个尺度上发生了变化。 1998年，2002年和2016年大堡礁经常性漂白的独特地理足迹取决于每年的海水温度空间格局。水质和捕鱼压力对2016年史无前例的褪色影响最小，这表明对珊瑚礁的本地保护几乎没有或没有抵抗极端高温的能力。同样，1998年和2002年以前遭受漂白的事件并未减轻2016年漂白的严重性。因此，立即采取全球行动遏制未来的变暖对于确保珊瑚礁的未来至关重要。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7645期|373-377|共5页
  • 作者

    Hughes Terry P.; Kerry James T.; Alvarez-Noriega Mariana; Alvarez-Romero Jorge G.; Anderson Kristen D.; Baird Andrew H.; Babcock Russell C.; Beger Maria; Bellwood David R.; Berkelmans Ray; Bridge Tom C.; Butler Ian R.; Byrne Maria; Cantin Neal E.; Comeau Steeve; Connolly Sean R.; Cumming Graeme S.; Dalton Steven J.; Diaz-Pulido Guillermo; Eakin C. Mark; Figueira Will F.; Gilmour James P.; Harrison Hugo B.; Heron Scott F.; Hoey Andrew S.; Hobbs Jean-Paul A.; Hoogenboom Mia O.; Kennedy Emma V.; Kuo Chao-yang; Lough Janice M.; Lowe Ryan J.; Liu Gang; Cculloch Malcolm T. M.; Malcolm Hamish A.; Mcwilliam Michael J.; Pandolfi John M.; Pears Rachel J.; Pratchett Morgan S.; Schoepf Verena; Simpson Tristan; Skirving William J.; Sommer Brigitte; Torda Gergely; Wachenfeld David R.; Willis Bette L.; Wilson Shaun K.;

  • 作者单位

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia;

    Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    24 Hanwood Court, Gilston, Qld 4211, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders St, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia;

    Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;

    Univ Sydney, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;

    Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia;

    Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia|Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Fisheries Res, Dept Primary Ind, POB 4291, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia;

    Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia|Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia;

    US NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA;

    Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;

    Univ Western Australia, Indian Oceans Marine Res Ctr, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    US NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA|Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia|Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia;

    Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia|Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    US NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA|Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA;

    Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia|Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    Fisheries Res, Dept Primary Ind, POB 4291, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;

    Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, POB 1379, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia|Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    Torres Strait Reg Author, POB 261, Thursday Isl, Qld 4875, Australia;

    US NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA|Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA;

    Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia;

    Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, POB 1379, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Dept Parks & Wildlife, Perth, WA 6151, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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