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A massive, quiescent galaxy at a redshift of 3.717

机译：巨大的静止星系，红移为3.717

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Finding massive galaxies that stopped forming stars in the early Universe presents an observational challenge because their rest-frame ultraviolet emission is negligible and they can only be reliably identified by extremely deep near-infrared surveys. These surveys have revealed the presence of massive, quiescent early-type galaxies(1-6) appearing as early as redshift z approximate to 2, an epoch three billion years after the Big Bang. Their age and formation processes have now been explained by an improved generation of galaxy-formation models(7-9), in which they form rapidly at z approximate to 3-4, consistent with the typical masses and ages derived from their observations. Deeper surveys have reported evidence for populations of massive, quiescent galaxies at even higher redshifts and earlier times, using coarsely sampled photometry. However, these early, massive, quiescent galaxies are not predicted by the latest generation of theoretical models(7-10). Here we report the spectroscopic confirmation of one such galaxy at redshift z = 3.717, with a stellar mass of 1.7 x 10(11) solar masses. We derive its age to be nearly half the age of the Universe at this redshift and the absorption line spectrum shows no current star formation. These observations demonstrate that the galaxy must have formed the majority of its stars quickly, within the first billion years of cosmic history in a short, extreme starburst. This ancestral starburst appears similar to those being found by submillimetre-wavelength surveys(11-14). The early formation of such massive systems implies that our picture of early galaxy assembly requires substantial revision.
机译：在早期宇宙中发现停止形成恒星的巨大星系提出了观测上的挑战，因为它们的其余帧紫外线发射可以忽略不计，并且只有通过极深的近红外勘测才能可靠地识别它们。这些调查表明，早在红移z大约为2时，即大爆炸之后的30亿年，就出现了大量静止的早期星系（1-6）。现在，它们的年龄和形成过程可以通过改进的星系形成模型来解释（7-9），其中它们在z值约3-4处迅速形成，这与从观测中得到的典型质量和年龄相一致。更深入的调查报告了使用粗采样光度法在更高的红移和更早的时间出现大量静止的星系的证据。但是，最新一代的理论模型无法预测这些早期的大规模静止星系（7-10）。在这里，我们报告了在红移z = 3.717上的一个这样的星系的光谱学确认，恒星质量为1.7 x 10（11）太阳质量。在这个红移过程中，我们得出其年龄接近宇宙年龄的一半，并且吸收线谱显示没有当前的恒星形成。这些观察结果表明，在短暂的极端星爆中，在宇宙历史的前十亿年之内，星系必须迅速形成了大部分恒星。这种祖先的星爆看起来与亚毫米波长调查发现的相似（11-14）。如此庞大系统的早期形成意味着我们对早期星系组装的了解需要进行实质性的修改。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7648期|71-74|共4页
  • 作者

    Glazebrook Karl; Schreiber Corentin; Labbe Ivo; Nanayakkara Themiya; Kacprzak Glenn G.; Oesch Pascal A.; Papovich Casey; Spitler Lee R.; Straatman Caroline M. S.; Tran Kim-Vy H.; Yuan Tiantian;

  • 作者单位

    Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia;

    Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands;

    Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands;

    Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia;

    Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia;

    Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, Chemin Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland;

    Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, George P & Cynthia W Mitchell Inst Fundamental Ph, College Stn, TX 77843 USA;

    Macquarie Univ, Macquarie Res Ctr Astron Astrophys & Astrophoton, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia|Australian Astron Observ, POB 915, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia;

    Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany;

    Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, George P & Cynthia W Mitchell Inst Fundamental Ph, College Stn, TX 77843 USA;

    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia;

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