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Background-free search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of Ge-76 with GERDA

机译：使用GERDA对Ge-76的无中微子双β衰变进行无背景搜索

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摘要

Many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics explain the dominance of matter over antimatter in our Universe by neutrinos being their own antiparticles. This would imply the existence of neutrinoless double-beta decay, which is an extremely rare lepton-number-violating radioactive decay process whose detection requires the utmost background suppression. Among the programmes that aim to detect this decay, the GERDA Collaboration is searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of Ge-76 by operating bare detectors, made of germanium with an enriched Ge-76 fraction, in liquid argon. After having completed Phase I of data taking, we have recently launched Phase II. Here we report that in GERDA Phase II we have achieved a background level of approximately 10(-3) counts keV(-1) kg(-1) yr(-1). This implies that the experiment is background-free, even when increasing the exposure up to design level. This is achieved by use of an active veto system, superior germanium detector energy resolution and improved background recognition of our new detectors. No signal of neutrinoless double-beta decay was found when Phase I and Phase II data were combined, and we deduce a lower-limit half-life of 5.3 x 10(25) years at the 90 per cent confidence level. Our half-life sensitivity of 4.0 x 10(25) years is competitive with the best experiments that use a substantially larger isotope mass. The potential of an essentially background-free search for neutrinoless double-beta decay will facilitate a larger germanium experiment with sensitivity levels that will bring us closer to clarifying whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles.
机译：粒子物理学标准模型的许多扩展解释了中微子是它们自己的反粒子，因此在我们的宇宙中物质比反物质更占优势。这将暗示存在无中微子双β衰变，这是极其罕见的违反轻子数的放射性衰变过程，其检测需要最大程度的背景抑制。在旨在检测这种衰变的程序中，GERDA协作组织正在通过在液态氩气中操作由锗含量高的Ge-76馏分制成的裸露探测器来寻找Ge-76的无中微子双β衰变。完成第一阶段的数据采集后，我们最近启动了第二阶段。在这里，我们报告说，在GERDA II期中，我们已达到keV（-1）kg（-1）yr（-1）计数约10（-3）的背景水平。这意味着即使将曝光度提高到设计水平，该实验也没有背景。这是通过使用有源否决系统，出色的锗探测器能量分辨率和改进的新探测器的背景识别来实现的。当将阶段I和阶段II的数据合并在一起时，没有发现无中微子双β衰变的信号，我们在90％的置信水平下得出了5.3 x 10（25）年的下限半衰期。我们的半衰期灵敏度为4.0 x 10（25）年，与使用大得多的同位素质量的最佳实验相比具有竞争力。基本上无背景的中微子双β衰变搜索的潜力将促进敏感性水平更大的锗实验，这将使我们更接近澄清中微子是否是其自身的反粒子。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7648期|47-52|共6页
  • 作者

    Agostini M.; Allardt M.; Bakalyarov A. M.; Balata M.; Barabanov I.; Baudis L.; Bauer C.; Bellotti E.; Belogurov S.; Belyaev S. T.; Benato G.; Bettini A.; Bezrukov L.; Bode T.; Borowicz D.; Brudanin V.; Brugnera R.; Caldwell A.; Cattadori C.; Chernogorov A.; DAndrea V.; Demidova E. V.; Di Marco N.; di Vacri A.; Domula A.; Doroshkevich E.; Egorov V.; Falkenstein R.; Fedorova O.; Freund K.; Frodyma N.; Gangapshev A.; Garfagnini A.; Gooch C.; Grabmayr P.; Gurentsov V.; Gusev K.; Hakenmueller J.; Hegai A.; Heisel M.; Hemmer S.; Hofmann W.; Hult M.; Inzhechik L. V.; Csathy J. Janicsko; Jochum J.; Junker M.; Kazalov V.; Kihm T.; Kirpichnikov I. V.; Kirsch A.; Kish A.; Klimenko A.; Kneissl R.; Knoepfle K. T.; Kochetov O.; Kornoukhov V. N.; Kuzminov V. V.; Laubenstein M.; Lazzaro A.; Lebedev V. I.; Lehnert B.; Liao H. Y.; Lindner M.; Lippi I.; Lubashevskiy A.; Lubsandorzhiev B.; Lutter G.; Macolino C.; Majorovits B.; Maneschg W.; Medinaceli E.; Miloradovic M.; Mingazheva R.; Misiaszek M.; Moseev P.; Nemchenok I.; Palioselitis D.; Panas K.; Pandola L.; Pelczar K.; Pullia A.; Riboldi S.; Rumyantseva N.; Sada C.; Salamida F.; Salathe M.; Schmitt C.; Schneider B.; Schoenert S.; Schreiner J.; Schulz O.; Schuetz A. -K.; Schwingenheuer B.; Selivanenko O.; Shevchik E.; Shirchenko M.; Simgen H.; Smolnikov A.; Stanco L.; Vanhoefer L.; Vasenko A. A.; Veresnikova A.; von Sturm K.; Wagner V.; Walter M.; Wegmann A.; Wester T.; Wiesinger C.; Wojcik M.; Yanovich E.; Zhitnikov I.; Zhukov S. V.; Zinatulina D.; Zuber K.; Zuzel G.;

  • 作者单位

    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso & Gran Sass Sci Inst, Assergi, Italy;

    Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, Dresden, Germany;

    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso & Gran Sass Sci Inst, Assergi, Italy|Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy|INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia|Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia;

    Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia;

    Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia|Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland|Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy|Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy;

    Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia;

    Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia;

    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso & Gran Sass Sci Inst, Assergi, Italy;

    Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, Dresden, Germany;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia|Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia|Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany|Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    European Commiss, JRC Geel, Geel, Belgium;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany|Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia|Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany;

    Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia;

    Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, Dresden, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany|Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    European Commiss, JRC Geel, Geel, Belgium;

    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso & Gran Sass Sci Inst, Assergi, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland;

    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Sud, Catania, Italy;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland;

    Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy|INFN Milano, Milan, Italy;

    Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy|INFN Milano, Milan, Italy;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, Dresden, Germany;

    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Phy Inst, Tubingen, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany|Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany;

    Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Padua, Italy|INFN Padova, Padua, Italy;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland;

    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany;

    Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, Dresden, Germany;

    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland;

    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia;

    Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia;

    Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, Dresden, Germany;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland;

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