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Frequency dependence limits divergent evolution by favouring rare immigrants over residents

机译：频率依赖性通过偏爱稀有移民而不是居民来限制发散进化

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摘要

Two distinct forms of natural selection promote adaptive biological diversity. Divergent selection occurs when different environments favour different phenotypes, leading to increased differences between populations(1). Negative frequency-dependent selection occurs when rare variants within a population are favoured over common ones(2), increasing diversity within populations(3). These two diversifying forces promote genetic variation at different spatial scales, and may act in opposition, but their relative effects remain unclear because they are rarely measured concurrently. Here we show that negative frequency-dependent selection within populations can favor rare immigrants over locally adapted residents. We reciprocally transplanted lake and stream ecotypes of threespine stickleback(4) into lake and stream habitats, while manipulating the relative abundance of residents versus immigrants. We found negative frequency-dependence: survival was highest for the locally rare ecotype, rather than natives. Also, individuals with locally rare major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIb genotypes were infected by fewer parasites. This negative frequency-dependent selection will tend to favour rare immigrants over common residents, amplifying the effect of migration and undermining the efficacy of divergent natural selection to drive population differences. The only signal of divergent selection was a tendency for foreign fish to have higher parasite loads than residents, after controlling for MHC genotype rarity. Frequency-dependent ecological interactions have long been thought to promote speciation. Our results suggest a more nuanced view in which negative frequency dependence alters the fate of migrants to promote or constrain evolutionary divergence between populations.
机译：两种不同形式的自然选择促进了适应性生物多样性。当不同的环境倾向于不同的表型时，就会发生发散选择，从而导致种群之间的差异增加（1）。当种群中的稀有变异比普通变异更受偏爱时，就会发生负向频率依赖性选择（2），从而增加种群内的多样性（3）。这两种多样化的力量促进了不同空间尺度上的遗传变异，并且可能会相互对立，但是它们的相对作用仍然不清楚，因为很少同时测量它们。在这里，我们表明，人口中与频率无关的负选择可能会比本地适应的居民偏爱稀有移民。我们将三峰棘背棘（4）的湖泊和溪流生态型相互移植到湖泊和溪流栖息地中，同时控制居民与移民的相对丰富度。我们发现频率依赖性为负：本地罕见的生态型而非本地人的生存率最高。同样，具有局部罕见的主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）IIb类基因型的个体被较少的寄生虫感染。这种与频率有关的负选择将倾向于使稀有移民比普通居民更偏爱，从而扩大了移民的影响，并削弱了不同自然选择驱使人口差异的功效。控制MHC基因型稀有性后，唯一选择差异的信号是外来鱼类的寄生虫负荷比居民更高。长期以来，与频率有关的生态相互作用一直被认为可以促进物种形成。我们的研究结果提出了更为细微的观点，即负频率依赖性改变了移民的命运，从而促进或限制了人口之间的进化差异。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7657期|284-288|共5页
  • 作者

    Bolnick Daniel I.; Stutz William E. .;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA;

    Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA|Western Michigan Univ, Off Inst Res, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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