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A binary main-belt comet

机译:双星主带彗星

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摘要

Asteroids are primitive Solar System bodies that evolve both collisionally and through disruptions arising from rapid rotation(1). These processes can lead to the formation of binary asteroids(2-4) and to the release of dust(5), both directly and, in some cases, through uncovering frozen volatiles. In a subset of the asteroids called main-belt comets, the sublimation of excavated volatiles causes transient comet-like activity(6-8). Torques exerted by sublimation measurably influence the spin rates of active comets(9) and might lead to the splitting of bilobate comet nuclei(10). The kilometre-sized main-belt asteroid 288P (300163) showed activity for several months around its perihelion 2011 (ref. 11), suspected to be sustained by the sublimation of water ice(12) and supported by rapid rotation(13), while at least one component rotates slowly with a period of 16 hours (ref. 14). The object 288P is part of a young family of at least 11 asteroids that formed from a precursor about 10 kilometres in diameter during a shattering collision 7.5 million years ago(15). Here we report that 288P is a binary main-belt comet. It is different from the known asteroid binaries in its combination of wide separation, near-equal component size, high eccentricity and comet-like activity. The observations also provide strong support for sublimation as the driver of activity in 288P and show that sublimation torques may play an important part in binary orbit evolution.
机译:小行星是原始的太阳系天体,它们会碰撞并通过快速旋转引起的破坏而演化(1)。这些过程可以直接或在某些情况下,通过发现冷冻挥发物,导致形成二元小行星(2-4)并释放粉尘(5)。在被称为主带彗星的小行星的一个子集中,挖掘出的挥发物的升华会引起类似彗星的活动(6-8)。升华作用产生的扭矩可测量地影响活动彗星的自旋速率(9),并可能导致双叶彗星核分裂(10)。千米大小的主带小行星288P(300163)在其近日点2011周围活动了几个月(参考文献11),怀疑是由水冰的升华(12)支撑并由快速旋转支撑(13),而至少一个组件缓慢旋转16小时(参考文献14)。 288P物体是至少11个小行星的年轻家族的一部分,该小行星是在750万年前的破碎碰撞中由直径约10公里的前体形成的(15)。在这里我们报告说288P是双主带彗星。它与已知的小行星双星系统的区别在于其广泛的分离,近似相等的分量大小,高的偏心率和类似彗星的活动。观测结果也为升华作为288P活动的驱动力提供了有力的支持,并表明升华扭矩可能在二元轨道演化中发挥重要作用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7672期|357-359|共3页
  • 作者单位

    Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany;

    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, 595 Charles Young Dr East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA|Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 430 Portola Plaza,Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA;

    Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA;

    Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA;

    Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 East Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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