首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Detecting evolutionary forces in language change
【24h】

Detecting evolutionary forces in language change

机译:检测语言变化中的进化力

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           

摘要

Both language and genes evolve by transmission over generations with opportunity for differential replication of forms(1). The understanding that gene frequencies change at random by genetic drift, even in the absence of natural selection, was a seminal advance in evolutionary biology(2). Stochastic drift must also occur in language as a result of randomness in how linguistic forms are copied between speakers(3,4). Here we quantify the strength of selection relative to stochastic drift in language evolution. We use time series derived from large corpora of annotated texts dating from the 12th to 21st centuries to analyse three well-known grammatical changes in English: the regularization of past-tense verbs(5-9), the introduction of the periphrastic 'do'(10), and variation in verbal negation(11). We reject stochastic drift in favour of selection in some cases but not in others. In particular, we infer selection towards the irregular forms of some past-tense verbs, which is likely driven by changing frequencies of rhyming patterns over time. We show that stochastic drift is stronger for rare words, which may explain why rare forms are more prone to replacement than common ones(6,9,12). This work provides a method for testing selective theories of language change against a null model and reveals an underappreciated role for stochasticity in language evolution.
机译:语言和基因都通过世代传播而发展,并具有形式差异复制的机会(1)。即使在没有自然选择的情况下,基因频率也会因遗传漂移而随机变化的认识是进化生物学的开创性进展(2)。由于在说话者之间复制语言形式的随机性,语言中也必定会发生随机漂移(3,4)。在这里,我们量化了语言进化中相对于随机漂移的选择强度。我们使用从12到21世纪的大量带注释文本集导出的时间序列来分析英语中三个众所周知的语法变化:过去时动词的正则化(5-9),词组相近的“ do”的引入(10)和言语否定的变化(11)。在某些情况下,我们拒绝随机漂移,而倾向于选择。特别是,我们推断一些过去时态动词的不规则形式的选择,这可能是由押韵模式的频率随时间变化而驱动的。我们发现,稀有词的随机漂移更强,这可以解释为什么稀有形式比普通形式更易于替换(6,9,12)。这项工作提供了一种方法来测试针对零模型的语言变化的选择性理论,并揭示了语言演化中随机性的作用不足。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7679期|223-226|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA;

    Univ Penn, Dept Linguist, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA;

    Univ Penn, Dept Linguist, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA;

    Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号