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Future ocean hypercapnia driven by anthropogenic amplification of the natural CO2 cycle

机译:人为自然CO2循环放大驱动的未来海洋高碳酸血症

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High carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in sea-water (ocean hypercapnia) can induce neurological, physiological and behavioural deficiencies in marine animals(1-10). Prediction of the onset and evolution of hypercapnia in the ocean requires a good understanding of annual variations in oceanic CO2 concentration, but there is a lack of relevant global observational data. Here we identify global ocean patterns of monthly variability in carbon concentration using observations that allow us to examine the evolution of surface-ocean CO2 levels over the entire annual cycle under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We predict that the present-day amplitude of the natural oscillations in oceanic CO2 concentration will be amplified by up to tenfold in some regions by 2100, if atmospheric CO2 concentrations continue to rise throughout this century (according to the RCP8.5 scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)(11). The findings from our data are broadly consistent with projections from Earth system climate models(12-15). Our predicted amplification of the annual CO2 cycle displays distinct global patterns that may expose major fisheries in the Southern, Pacific and North Atlantic oceans to hypercapnia many decades earlier than is expected from average atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We suggest that these ocean 'CO2 hotspots' evolve as a combination of the strong seasonal dynamics of CO2 concentration and the long-term effective storage of anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans that lowers the buffer capacity in these regions, causing a nonlinear amplification of CO2 concentration over the annual cycle. The onset of ocean hypercapnia (when the partial pressure of CO2 in sea-water exceeds 1,000 micro-atmospheres) is forecast for atmospheric CO2 concentrations that exceed 650 parts per million, with hypercapnia expected in up to half the surface ocean by 2100, assuming a high-emissions scenario (RCP8.5)(11). Such extensive ocean hypercapnia has detrimental implications for fisheries during the twenty-first century.
机译:海水(海洋高碳酸血症)中的高二氧化碳(CO2)浓度可导致海洋动物神经,生理和行为缺陷(1-10)。预测海洋高碳酸血症的发生和演变需要对海洋二氧化碳浓度的年度变化有一个很好的了解,但是缺乏相关的全球观测数据。在这里,我们使用观测值确定了碳浓度每月变化的全球海洋格局,这些观测值使我们能够研究在大气CO2浓度增加的情况下,整个年度循环中地表海洋CO2水平的变化。我们预测,如果整个世纪以来大气中的二氧化碳浓度持续上升(根据政府间RCP8.5情景),那么到2100年,某些地区的海洋二氧化碳浓度自然振荡的当前幅度将放大十倍。气候变化专门委员会)(11)。我们数据的发现与地球系统气候模型的预测大致一致(12-15)。我们预测的年度CO2循环放大显示了独特的全球格局,这可能使南部,太平洋和北大西洋的主要渔业比平均大气CO2浓度预期的要早几十年暴露于高碳酸血症。我们认为,这些海洋“ CO2热点”的发展是由于CO2浓度的强烈季节性变化和海洋中人为CO2的长期有效存储而降低了这些区域的缓冲能力,从而导致CO2浓度的非线性放大在年度周期中。预测海洋高碳酸血症的发作(当海水中的二氧化碳分压超过1,000个微大气压时)将使大气中的二氧化碳浓度超过百万分之六百五十,到2100年,高碳酸血症预计将在半数的表层海洋中发生,高排放情景(RCP8.5)(11)。如此广泛的海洋高碳酸血症对二十一世纪的渔业产生了不利影响。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7586期|383-386|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia|Thinkable Org, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

    Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia|Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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