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Super-catastrophic disruption of asteroids at small perihelion distances

机译：小近日点距离下小行星的超级灾难性破坏

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Most near-Earth objects came from the asteroid belt and drifted via non-gravitational thermal forces into resonant escape routes that, in turn, pushed them onto planet-crossing orbits(1-3). Models predict that numerous asteroids should be found on orbits that closely approach the Sun, but few have been seen. In addition, even though the near-Earth-object population in general is an even mix of low-albedo (less than ten per cent of incident radiation is reflected) and high-albedo (more than ten per cent of incident radiation is reflected) asteroids, the characterized asteroids near the Sun typically have high albedos(4). Here we report a quantitative comparison of actual asteroid detections and a near-Earth-object model (which accounts for observational selection effects). We conclude that the deficit of low-albedo objects near the Sun arises from the super-catastrophic breakup (that is, almost complete disintegration) of a substantial fraction of asteroids when they achieve perihelion distances of a few tens of solar radii. The distance at which destruction occurs is greater for smaller asteroids, and their temperatures during perihelion passages are too low for evaporation to explain their disappearance. Although both bright and dark (high-and low-albedo) asteroids eventually break up, we find that low-albedo asteroids are more likely to be destroyed farther from the Sun, which explains the apparent excess of high-albedo near-Earth objects and suggests that low-albedo asteroids break up more easily as a result of thermal effects.
机译：大多数近地天体来自小行星带，并通过非重力热力漂移进入共振逃逸路径，进而将它们推向穿越行星的轨道（1-3）。模型预测，应该在接近太阳的轨道上发现许多小行星，但很少见到。此外，即使近地物体总体上是低反照率（反射不到入射辐射的百分之十）和高反照率（反射了入射辐射的百分之十以上）的均匀混合体小行星，太阳附近的典型小行星通常具有很高的反照率（4）。在这里，我们报告了对实际小行星探测和近地天体模型（考虑了观测选择效应）的定量比较。我们得出的结论是，当太阳达到几十太阳半径的近日点距离时，大部分小行星的超灾难性破裂（即几乎完全分解）会导致太阳附近低反照率物体的缺乏。对于较小的小行星，破坏发生的距离更大，并且近日点通行时它们的温度太低而无法蒸发，无法解释它们的消失。尽管明亮和黑暗（高反照率和低反照率）小行星最终都破裂，但我们发现低反照率的小行星更有可能在离太阳更远的地方被破坏，这解释了高反照率的近地天体明显过剩，这表明低反照率的小行星由于热效应而更容易破裂。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7590期|303-306|共4页
  • 作者

    Granvik Mikael; Morbidelli Alessandro; Jedicke Robert; Bolin Bryce; Bottke William F.; Beshore Edward; Vokrouhlicky David; Delbo Marco; Michel Patrick;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland|Finnish Geospatial Res Inst, POB 15, Masala 02430, Finland;

    Observ Cote Azur, Blvd Observ, F-06304 Nice 4, France;

    Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA;

    Observ Cote Azur, Blvd Observ, F-06304 Nice 4, France;

    Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA;

    Univ Arizona, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA;

    Charles Univ Prague, Inst Astron, V Holesovickach 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;

    Observ Cote Azur, Blvd Observ, F-06304 Nice 4, France;

    Observ Cote Azur, Blvd Observ, F-06304 Nice 4, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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