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Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast

机译：酵母糖专一权衡的多基因进化

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The evolution of novel traits can involve many mutations scattered throughout the genome(1,2). Detecting and validating such a suite of alleles, particularly if they arose long ago, remains a key challenge in evolutionary genetics(1-3). Here we dissect an evolutionary trade-off of unprecedented genetic complexity between long-diverged species. When cultured in 1% glucose medium supplemented with galactose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not S. bayanus or other Saccharomyces species, delayed commitment to galactose metabolism until glucose was exhausted. Promoters of seven galactose (GAL) metabolic genes from S. cerevisiae, when introduced together into S. bayanus, largely recapitulated the delay phenotype in 1% glucose-galactose medium, and most had partial effects when tested in isolation. Variation in GAL coding regions also contributed to the delay when tested individually in 1% glucose-galactose medium. When combined, S. cerevisiae GAL coding regions gave rise to profound growth defects in the S. bayanus background. In medium containing 2.5% glucose supplemented with galactose, wild-type S. cerevisiae repressed GAL gene expression and had a robust growth advantage relative to S. bayanus; transgenesis of S. cerevisiae GAL promoter alleles or GAL coding regions was sufficient for partial reconstruction of these phenotypes. S. cerevisiae GAL genes thus encode a regulatory program of slow induction and avid repression, and a fitness detriment during the glucose-galactose transition but a benefit when glucose is in excess. Together, these results make clear that genetic mapping of complex phenotypes is within reach, even in deeply diverged species.
机译：新性状的进化可能涉及分散在整个基因组中的许多突变（1,2）。检测和验证这样的等位基因组，特别是如果它们很久以前出现的话，仍然是进化遗传学的一个关键挑战（1-3）。在这里，我们剖析了长期分化物种之间前所未有的遗传复杂性的进化权衡。当在添加有半乳糖，酿酒酵母而不是巴耶链霉菌或其他酿酒酵母的1％葡萄糖培养基中培养时，延迟对半乳糖代谢的承诺，直到葡萄糖耗尽。来自啤酒酵母的七个半乳糖（GAL）代谢基因的启动子，当一起引入到巴耶斯链霉菌中时，在1％葡萄糖-半乳糖培养基中主要概括了延迟表型，并且当单独测试时，大多数具有部分作用。当在1％葡萄糖-半乳糖培养基中单独测试时，GAL编码区的变化也导致延迟。当结合时，啤酒酵母GAL编码区在巴氏酵母背景中引起了深刻的生长缺陷。在含有2.5％葡萄糖补充半乳糖的培养基中，野生型酿酒酵母可抑制GAL基因表达，并且相对于巴杨酵母具有强大的生长优势。酿酒酵母GAL启动子等位基因或GAL编码区的转基因足以部分重建这些表型。酿酒酵母GAL基因因此编码了慢诱导和狂热抑制的调节程序，以及在葡萄糖-半乳糖转变期间的健康损害，但是当葡萄糖过量时有益。在一起，这些结果清楚地表明，即使在深度分歧的物种中，复杂表型的遗传作图也是可以实现的。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7590期|336-339|共4页
  • 作者

    Roop Jeremy I.; Chang Kyu Chul; Brem Rachel B.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;

    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA|Buck Inst Res Aging, Novato, CA 94945 USA;

    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA|Buck Inst Res Aging, Novato, CA 94945 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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