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Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins

机译：中更新世Sima de los Huesos人种的核DNA序列

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摘要

A unique assemblage of 28 hominin individuals, found in Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain, has recently been dated to approximately 430,000 years ago(1). An interesting question is how these Middle Pleistocene hominins were related to those who lived in the Late Pleistocene epoch, in particular to Neanderthals in western Eurasia and to Denisovans, a sister group of Neanderthals so far known only from southern Siberia. While the Sima de los Huesos hominins share some derived morphological features with Neanderthals, the mitochondrial genome retrieved from one individual from Sima de los Huesos is more closely related to the mitochondrial DNA of Denisovans than to that of Neanderthals(2). However, since the mitochondrial DNA does not reveal the full picture of relationships among populations, we have investigated DNA preservation in several individuals found at Sima de los Huesos. Here we recover nuclear DNA sequences from two specimens, which show that the Sima de los Huesos hominins were related to Neanderthals rather than to Denisovans, indicating that the population divergence between Neanderthals and Denisovans predates 430,000 years ago. A mitochondrial DNA recovered from one of the specimens shares the previously described relationship to Denisovan mitochondrial DNAs, suggesting, among other possibilities, that the mitochondrial DNA gene pool of Neanderthals turned over later in their history.
机译：在西班牙阿塔普尔卡山脉的Sima de los Huesos中发现了一个由28个人类个体组成的独特组合，该组合最近可追溯到大约430,000年前。一个有趣的问题是，这些中更新世人类与居住在晚更新世时期的人有何关系，特别是与欧亚大陆西部的尼安德特人和迄今仅在西伯利亚南部才知道的尼安德特人的姐妹团体Denisovans有关。尽管Sima de los Huesos人参与尼安德特人具有一些衍生的形态学特征，但从Sima de los Huesos的一个人获得的线粒体基因组与Denisovans的线粒体DNA的关系要比与Neanderthals的更为紧密（2）。但是，由于线粒体DNA无法揭示种群之间关系的全部情况，因此我们对在Sima de los Huesos发现的几个个体的DNA保存进行了调查。在这里，我们从两个标本中恢复了核DNA序列，这表明Sima de los Huesos人参与尼安德特人有关，而不是与Denisovans有关，这表明尼安德特人和Denisovans之间的人口分化早于430,000年前。从一个标本中回收的线粒体DNA与Denisovan线粒体DNA有着先前描述的关系，这表明，除其他外，尼安德特人的线粒体DNA基因库在其历史的后期被移交了。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7595期|504-507|共4页
  • 作者

    Meyer Matthias; Arsuaga Juan-Luis; de Filippo Cesare; Nagel Sarah; Aximu-Petri Ayinuer; Nickel Birgit; Martinez Ignacio; Gracia Ana; Maria Bermudez de Castro Jose; Carbonell Eudald; Viola Bence; Kelso Janet; Prueffer Kay; Paeaebo Svante;

  • 作者单位

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Invest Evoluc & Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid 28029, Spain|Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Geol, Dept Palaeontol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Invest Evoluc & Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid 28029, Spain|Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Geog & Geol, Area Paleontol, Madrid 28871, Spain;

    Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Invest Evoluc & Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid 28029, Spain|Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Geog & Geol, Area Paleontol, Madrid 28871, Spain;

    Ctr Nacl Invest Evoluc Humana, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos 09002, Spain|UCL, Dept Anthropol, 14 Taviton St, London WC1H 0BW, England;

    Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social, C Marcelli Domingo S-N,Edifici W3, Tarragona 43007, Spain|Univ Rovira & Virgili, Fac Lletres, Dept Hist & Hist Art, Area Prehist, Avinguda Catalunya 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain;

    Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, 19 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

    Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Evolutionary Genet, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

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