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Measurement of the Earth tides with a MEMS gravimeter

机译:用MEMS重力计测量潮汐

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摘要

The ability to measure tiny variations in the local gravitational acceleration allows, besides other applications, the detection of hidden hydrocarbon reserves, magma build-up before volcanic eruptions, and subterranean tunnels. Several technologies are available that achieve the sensitivities required for such applications (tens of microgal per hertz(1/2)): free-fall gravimeters(1), spring-based gravimeters(2,3), superconducting gravimeters(4), and atom interferometers(5). All of these devices can observe the Earth tides(6): the elastic deformation of the Earth's crust as a result of tidal forces. This is a universally predictable gravitational signal that requires both high sensitivity and high stability over timescales of several days to measure. All present gravimeters, however, have limitations of high cost (more than 100,000 US dollars) and high mass (more than 8 kilograms). Here we present a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device with a sensitivity of 40 microgal per hertz(1/2) only a few cubic centimetres in size. We use it to measure the Earth tides, revealing the long-term stability of our instrument compared to any other MEMS device. MEMS accelerometers-found in most smart phones(7)-can be mass-produced remarkably cheaply, but none are stable enough to be called a gravimeter. Our device has thus made the transition from accelerometer to gravimeter. The small size and low cost of this MEMS gravimeter suggests many applications in gravity mapping. For example, it could be mounted on a drone instead of low-flying aircraft for distributed land surveying and exploration, deployed to monitor volcanoes, or built into multi-pixel density-contrast imaging arrays.
机译:测量局部重力加速度的微小变化的能力,除其他应用外,还可以检测隐藏的碳氢化合物储量,火山喷发前的岩浆堆积和地下隧道。有几种技术可实现此类应用所需的灵敏度(每赫兹数十微加仑(1/2)):自由下落重力仪(1),基于弹簧的重力仪(2,3),超导重力仪(4)和原子干涉仪(5)。所有这些装置都可以观测到地潮(6):潮汐力导致地壳的弹性变形。这是一个普遍可预测的重力信号,需要在几天的时间范围内进行测量才能获得高灵敏度和高稳定性。但是,目前所有的重力仪都具有成本高(超过100,000美元)和质量高(超过8公斤)的局限性。在这里,我们介绍了一种微机电系统(MEMS)设备,其灵敏度仅为每赫兹(1/2)40微加仑(galgal),只有几立方厘米。我们用它来测量地球潮汐,揭示了我们的仪器与任何其他MEMS设备相比的长期稳定性。大多数智能手机(7)中都存在的MEMS加速度计可以廉价地大量生产,但是没有一个足够稳定的重力计。因此,我们的设备已从加速度计过渡到重力计。这种MEMS重力计的小尺寸和低成本表明其在重力测绘中的许多应用。例如,它可以安装在无人驾驶飞机上,而不是安装在低空飞行器上进行分布式土地勘测和探索,部署在监测火山上,或者内置在多像素密度对比成像阵列中。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7596期|614-617|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland|Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, Rankine Bldg,Oakfield Ave, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland;

    Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland;

    Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, Rankine Bldg,Oakfield Ave, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland;

    Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland;

    Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland;

    Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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