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A map of the large day-night temperature gradient of a super-Earth exoplanet

机译：超地球系外行星昼夜温度梯度大的图

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Over the past decade, observations of giant exoplanets (Jupiter-size) have provided key insights into their atmospheres(1,2), but the properties of lower-mass exoplanets (sub-Neptune) remain largely unconstrained because of the challenges of observing small planets. Numerous efforts to observe the spectra of super-Earths-exoplanets with masses of one to ten times that of Earth-have so far revealed only featureless spectra(3). Here we report a longitudinal thermal brightness map of the nearby transiting super-Earth 55 Cancri e (refs 4, 5) revealing highly asymmetric dayside thermal emission and a strong day-night temperature contrast. Dedicated space-based monitoring of the planet in the infrared revealed a modulation of the thermal flux as 55 Cancri e revolves around its star in a tidally locked configuration. These observations reveal a hot spot that is located 41 +/- 12 degrees east of the substellar point (the point at which incident light from the star is perpendicular to the surface of the planet). From the orbital phase curve, we also constrain the nightside brightness temperature of the planet to 1,380 +/- 400 kelvin and the temperature of the warmest hemisphere (centred on the hot spot) to be about 1,300 kelvin hotter (2,700 +/- 270 kelvin) at a wavelength of 4.5 micrometres, which indicates inefficient heat redistribution from the dayside to the nightside. Our observations are consistent with either an optically thick atmosphere with heat recirculation confined to the planetary dayside, or a planet devoid of atmosphere with low-viscosity magma flows at the surface(6).
机译：在过去的十年中，对巨大系外行星（木星大小）的观测提供了对其大气的关键见解（1,2），但是由于观测小行星的挑战，较低质量系外行星（亚海王星）的性质仍然不受限制。行星。迄今为止，为观测质量超过地球质量一倍至十倍的超地球系外行星的光谱所做的许多努力都只揭示了无特征的光谱（3）。在这里，我们报告了附近过境的超地球55 Cancri e的纵向热亮度图（参考文献4、5），显示出高度不对称的白天热量散发和强烈的昼夜温度对比。专用的天基红外监测卫星显示，随着55 Cancri e以潮汐锁定的结构绕其恒星旋转，热通量得到了调节。这些观测结果揭示了一个热点，该热点位于亚星点以东41 +/- 12度（该点来自恒星的入射光垂直于行星表面）。根据轨道相位曲线，我们还将行星的夜间亮度温度限制为1,380 +/- 400开尔文，而最温暖的半球温度（以热点为中心）大约为1,300开尔文（2,700 +/- 270开尔文）。 ）的波长为4.5微米，这表明热量从白天到晚上的重新分配效率不高。我们的观察结果与光学厚度厚的大气层具有限制在行星日间的热再循环或与缺乏低粘度岩浆大气层的行星表面一致（6）。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7598期|207-209|共3页
  • 作者

    Demory Brice-Olivier; Gillon Michael; de Wit Julien; Madhusudhan Nikku; Bolmont Emeline; Heng Kevin; Kataria Tiffany; Lewis Nikole; Hu Renyu; Krick Jessica; Stamenkovic Vlada; Benneke Bjorn; Kane Stephen; Queloz Didier;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England;

    Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout 17, B-4000 Liege, Belgium;

    MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA;

    Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England;

    Univ Namur, Dept Math, NaXys, 8 Rempart Vierge, B-5000 Namur, Belgium;

    Univ Bern, Ctr Space & Habitabil, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;

    Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Astrophys Grp, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England;

    Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA;

    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA|CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MS 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA|CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA;

    Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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