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The evolution of cooperation within the gut microbiota

机译:肠道菌群内部合作的演变

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摘要

Cooperative phenotypes are considered central to the functioning of microbial communities in many contexts, including communication via quorum sensing, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenesis(1-5). The human intestine houses a dense and diverse microbial community critical to health(1,2,4-9), yet we know little about cooperation within this important ecosystem. Here we test experimentally for evolved cooperation within the Bacteroidales, the dominant Gram-negative bacteria of the human intestine. We show that during growth on certain dietary polysaccharides, the model member Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron exhibits only limited cooperation. Although this organism digests these polysaccharides extracellularly, mutants lacking this ability are outcompeted. In contrast, we discovered a dedicated cross-feeding enzyme system in the prominent gut symbiont Bacteroides ovatus, which digests polysaccharide at a cost to itself but at a benefit to another species. Using in vitro systems and gnotobiotic mouse colonization models, we find that extracellular digestion of inulin increases the fitness of B. ovatus owing to reciprocal benefits when it feeds other gut species such as Bacteroides vulgatus. This is a rare example of naturally-evolved cooperation between microbial species. Our study reveals both the complexity and importance of cooperative phenotypes within the mammalian intestinal microbiota.
机译:在许多情况下,合作表型被认为是微生物群落功能的核心,包括通过群体感应,生物膜形成,抗生素抗性和发病机制的交流(1-5)。人体肠道中存在着一个对健康至关重要的致密多样的微生物群落(1,2,4-9),但我们对这一重要生态系统内的合作知之甚少。在这里,我们通过实验测试拟杆菌(人类肠道中占主导地位的革兰氏阴性细菌)内的进化合作。我们显示,在某些饮食多糖的生长过程中,模型成员拟杆菌Thetaiotaomicron仅表现出有限的合作。尽管这种生物体在细胞外消化了这些多糖,但缺乏这种能力的突变体却是竞争激烈的。相比之下,我们在著名的共生双歧杆菌卵中发现了专用的交叉进料酶系统,该酶消化多糖的成本高昂,但对另一物种有利。使用体外系统和gnotobiotic小鼠定植模型,我们发现菊粉的细胞外消化增加了卵形芽孢杆菌的适应性,这是由于它在喂食其他肠道物种(如寻常拟杆菌)时具有互惠互利的优势。这是微生物物种之间自然进化合作的罕见例子。我们的研究揭示了哺乳动物肠道菌群内合作表型的复杂性和重要性。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7602期|255-259|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA|Harvard Univ, Sch Med, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA|Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA|Harvard Univ, Sch Med, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA;

    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England|Univ Oxford, Oxford Ctr Integrat Syst Biol, Oxford OX1 3PS, England;

    Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA|Harvard Univ, Sch Med, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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