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Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures

机译:发现37亿年前的微生物结构表明生命迅速崛起

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摘要

Biological activity is a major factor in Earth's chemical cycles, including facilitating CO2 sequestration and providing climate feedbacks. Thus a key question in Earth's evolution is when did life arise and impact hydrosphere-atmosphere-lithosphere chemical cycles? Until now, evidence for the oldest life on Earth focused on debated stable isotopic signatures of 3,800-3,700 million year (Myr)-old metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and minerals(1,2) from the Isua supracrustal belt (ISB), southwest Greenland(3). Here we report evidence for ancient life from a newly exposed outcrop of 3,700-Myr-old metacarbonate rocks in the ISB that contain 1-4-cm-high stromatolites-macroscopically layered structures produced by microbial communities. The ISB stromatolites grew in a shallow marine environment, as indicated by seawater-like rare-earth element plus yttrium trace element signatures of the metacarbonates, and by interlayered detrital sedimentary rocks with cross-lamination and storm-wave generated breccias. The ISB stromatolites predate by 220 Myr the previous most convincing and generally accepted multidisciplinary evidence for oldest life remains in the 3,480-Myr-old Dresser Formation of the Pilbara Craton, Australia(4,5). The presence of the ISB stromatolites demonstrates the establishment of shallow marine carbonate production with biotic CO2 sequestration by 3,700 million years ago (Ma), near the start of Earth's sedimentary record. A sophistication of life by 3,700 Ma is in accord with genetic molecular clock studies placing life's origin in the Hadean eon (> 4,000 Ma)(6) .
机译:生物活动是地球化学循环中的主要因素,包括促进二氧化碳封存和提供气候反馈。因此,地球演化中的一个关键问题是生命何时出现并影响水圈-大气-岩石圈化学循环?到目前为止,地球上最古老的生命的证据集中在辩论的稳定同位素特征上,该同位素特征来自格陵兰西南部伊苏阿上壳带(ISB)的3800-3700亿年(Myr)变质的沉积岩和矿物(1,2)(3)。 )。在这里,我们从ISB的3700年前的碳酸岩新露头中报告了古代生命的证据,这些岩石含有1-4厘米高的叠层石-由微生物群落产生的宏观层状结构。 ISB叠层岩生长在浅海环境中,这表现为碳酸盐的海水状稀土元素和钇微量元素特征,以及层状碎屑沉积岩,交叉层状和风暴波产生的角砾岩。 ISB叠层岩比澳大利亚最著名的,最有说服力的,被广泛接受的多学科证据——220 Myr早于澳大利亚Pilbara Craton的3,480年前的梳妆台形成(4,5)。 ISB叠层岩的存在表明,到37亿年前(Ma),接近地球沉积记录的起点,通过生物二氧化碳封存已经建立了浅层海洋碳酸盐生产。 3700 Ma的复杂程度与遗传分子钟研究相符,即生命起源于Hadean eon(> 4,000 Ma)(6)。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7621期|535-538|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia|Univ New South Wales, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;

    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;

    Glendale, Oxford OX9 2LQ, Oxon, England;

    Univ New South Wales, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia|Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia|Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Core Crust, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;

    Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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